tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19840366131306853522024-03-06T07:39:33.420+03:00Baraza La TaifaBaraza La taifa is a forum where we can network and share ideas on the future of Kenya and Africa. The main focus of this forum is to emphasize on how we can impart the knowledge to the development of our country.
We can't be left behind when we have the human resources to do it. We can only contribute effectively if we bring and have meaningful engagements coupled with access to educative resources. https://t.me/barazalataifa
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.comBlogger273125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-23008540823277243002023-04-02T11:55:00.000+03:002023-04-02T11:55:26.777+03:00WHAT IS AT STAKE OPENING 8 IEBC PRESIDENTIAL SERVERS.TO MOST MILLIONS OF KENYANS VOTERS they are unaware what entails opening of Independent Electoral Boundary Commission (IEBC) August 2022 Presidential-National Tallying Centre (NTC) Servers.<div><br><div>The Smartmatic International Holding BV Company is one among 500 British registered companies operating in Kenya,this is a company with rich history of fraudulent electoral outcomes in most of countries amoung them the Commonwealth Countries recent one being Nigeria,our neighbour Uganda, South Africa, Namibia, Venenzuela etc.</div><div><br></div><div>Kenyans at stake is the entire August 9, 2022 Presidential and National elections, its estimated that :</div><div><br></div><div> 17 Sitting Governors were beneficiary of a fraudlent 2022 August electoral outcome.</div><div>21 Senators.</div><div>17 Women Representatives. </div><div>127 sitting Members of Parliament.</div><div>About 489 Members County Assembly across Kenya</div><div><br></div><div>THE QUESTION IN EVERY KENYAN LIPS is why did British through their Kenyan Ambassador rushed to acknowledge and conglaturate Mr.Ruto on a purported triumph despite the opposition preparing to file a petition in Supreme Court.</div><div><br></div><div>At the height of Azimio Supreme Court petition, the plaintiffs requested to open the eight (8) servers for scrutiny and verification, the company stated."Providing full access to servers hosting Form 34C would in fridge on our Intellectual Property rights.</div><div><br></div><div>"As per your request regarding provision of image of National Tallying Centre servers, we would like to clarify that such images contain software owned and copyrighted by our company and is thus intellectual Property protected" read the letter signed by F.Gunnik the Managing Director.</div><div><br></div><div>KENYANS mind you this is the 3rd time the British Company is directly involved in Kenya electoral process, all of which have been disputed.</div><div><br></div><div>Smartmatic company by 2020 was partly Co -Owned by Lord Mark Mulloch-Brown and a host of several offshore shell companies.</div><div><br></div><div>Case Study of 2004 Venezuela Hugo Chavez Presidential recall referendum outcome. </div><div><br></div><div>Some controversies emerged about the use of Smartmatics electronic voting machines.(SAES Voting Machines)</div><div><p>International Researchers-Peer Review stastical evaluation found that Smartmatics network was "bi-directional" with data being able to be transferred both ways between Smartmatics devices and the telecommunications company with massive irregularities found between smartmatics and the Venezuela National Electoral Council election results.</p><p>The research concluded that Smartmatics electronic process was fraudulently undertaken, the analysis of communication patterns allowed for the hypothesis that data in the machines could have been changed remotely.</p><p>Interestingly one technician could work around " the machines allegedly random storage protocols and remove voting secrecy and granted that since the voting systems were windows based and only randomized data, the techie was able to download a simple software that could place windows files in order.That is voters turnout dropped substantially with only 25% of registered Venezuelans voting.</p></div><div>GOOD KENYANS the archeel heel in the entire process is Brexit and all Kenyans to align their friendship and partnership with European Union.</div><div><br></div><div>FOR OUR COUNTRY to progress and future electoral outcome respected, Kenyan by now should call for parliament revocation of the pending 25 Years United Kingdom and Kenya Bilateral and Multilateral Trade Agreements signed by Esther Maina the CS Trade in previous government.</div><div><br></div><div>The Kenyans (Miji- Kenda ,Arabic and Muslims) at the Coastal Strip must call for August 8,1963- British Secretary of State,Kenya- Mzee Jomo Kenyatta first Prime Minister, the Sultan of Zanzibar Agreement cessation for violation of clauses in the agreementsuch as management of Mombasa port.</div><div><br></div><div>50 Million Kenyans another interesting area where each and everyone must push for is compesation and reparation from Slave Trade period between 1834 to 1862 its estimated over 3 Million Kenyans in East Africa were among 12 Million Africans (Women,Men and Childrens) whom were confiscated by British and French sailors and sold to Americans and a few places in Europe. </div><div><br></div><div>Lastly to save ourselves from the grip of Britain ( 44 Million population) is withdrawing from being members of Commonwealth countries and reclaiming back our national assets to be managed by the government of the day, i.e company such as Lake Magadi(Mined since 1884 to date) is worth trillion of dollars which could by now, be used to repay foreign Dept's that are chocking the government and Kenyan citizens.</div><div><br></div><div>Thank You.</div><div><br></div><div>By. Githinji Kamotho.</div><div>National Coordinator.</div><div>Bunge La Mwanainchi- Social Movement</div><div><div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div>Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-7794489096477614682019-11-04T20:09:00.004+03:002023-04-01T18:08:54.846+03:00Ubuntu as a remedy to revive from the anthropocentric addiction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Human civilization is at
the brink of catastrophe. The world is at a cross road of looming environmental,
sociopolitical, and spiritual crisis. The depth and breadth of the challenges are
not only diverse but also extremely complex. The alarming rate of the ever
pressing and worsening problems have paused the greatest existential threat to
humanity and the planet like never before. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The western science-based
philosophy along with its offspring; technology led industrial mode of
production and profit oriented economics have become the widely accepted and
dominant global political worldview. As a result, the antidotes that are
prescribed to lift humanity out of the manifold of existential crisis we faced
are the same but more advanced scientific and technological solutions that aims
at maximizing profit and economic growth. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There is a growing utterly
discontent world population, global environmental and social justice movements,
and spiritual awakening that challenges the entire ethical construction of western
worldview and its economic growth model. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They argue that no healing process of
planetary proportion would be hatched from the industrial society growth model
that is on the verge of crumbling. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">To begin with, science
has never fully understood the mystery of life forms on earth, their
dimensional relationships, and the meaning, significance, and purpose of human
life in relation to the planet and the universe. Instead, it separates human
beings from the rest of the universe installing a paradigm that hardly had
moral sanctions on ethical standards and responsibilities of a human being
towards the planet and all life forms on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Science as an instrument of the only acceptable
knowledge entrenched the value and merits of adventurous exploration and
expansion. It promotes the triumph of winning and conquering. It normalizes the
profit of exploitation, erosion and degradation. It preaches the
industriousness of commerce, technology, and atheism. And it teaches economic
progress and development as the only language, the only measure, and the only
motive that drives a human craft. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">This western reductionist
worldview attempts to seek a solution only when the problem is a human problem.
Science as the creative and ingenious craft of a human mind only tries to seek
a solution to a problem that only affects human. Whatever is not affecting
human is not a problem. It is deeply anchored on the stubborn view of a man as the
only important creation on the planet. Others are important too because or as
long as they are important to humans. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Their importance emanates from the
importance they have to humans. And what determines the degree of their
importance is the degree they are able to generate immediate pleasure to
humans. In other words, the only worthwhile value systems or ethical considerations
that humanity should worry about is the ones that have value to humans. That is
how dangerously narrow and reductionist the western philosophy is. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ubuntu is exactly the
opposite. It is a totally different and unique outlook to life, our
significance, and purpose on earth. It is a profound consciousness that is
driven by compassion, empathy, and concern. The significance and value of a
human being is not measured by the pursuit of happiness through the fetish to
material possession, wealth, and power. Instead, the pursuit of happiness is
anchored by spiritual elevation that is only attained by a healthy relationship
with self and all life forms on earth. Ubuntu equals humanity as the most
profound expression of creation. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">I am because we are. My existence is only as
long as you exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My happiness is only
as good as the reflection of yours. Hence, it is the most holistic and
inclusive philosophy that deeply understands the ecological web of life and its
mysterious interdependence and interconnectedness. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ubuntu is a transcending
worldview that gives meaning and purpose to humans’ ethical existence on and
relationship with Mother Earth. It furthers a value system that govern our
relationship and morale responsibility to one another and to mother nature. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That is why Ubuntu is the
ideal philosophy to all environmental, human rights, and social justice
activism work. Ubuntu is all about a dignified living that will not happen
without a dignified other and a dignified living planet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ubuntu is the vehicle to
help humanity evolve and shift from a paradigm of commercial and technological
civilization to an ecological and spiritual civilization. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Together towards Ubuntu
revival! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-19039450941563074892019-10-31T19:55:00.000+03:002019-10-31T20:09:44.451+03:00An Open Letter to President Uhuru Kenyatta:A Call to Evictions and Resettlement Law. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Ref: Agenda 4 on Housing, Evictions and Resettlement guidelines.</div>
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<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Greetings Sir. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
As you enjoy your 58th birthday wishes, it's painful to note.<br />
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</div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
As our children sit for this year National Examination, hundreds of parents are sleeping in the rainy cold weather after they were evicted on Friday 25th, and Kenya Railway Police stationed within those households to-date 30th October 2019 to make sure they don't return to their houses located at Kenya Railways Cooperation - Landi Mawe estate(368 Acres next to Muthurwa 72 Acre estate ) the grouping which is undertaking this eviction are getting directives from KRSRBS-Kenya Railway Staff Retirement Benefit Scheme an outfit disbanded recently for pillage and profiteering scam on railway assets and land. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
The areas being within Starehe Constituency the Member of Parliament Hon. Charles Jagua Kanyi on Sunday secured the release of about 15 people who were evicted and opposed to evictions/ demolitions, among those arrested were women with children and Kenya Polytechnic students, some tenants and were held at Railways Police Station ,its on this background that we call for government to halt this scam, which jeopardizes the ongoing feasibility studies of Railway City Project which is funded by JICA and European Union, these exercises also violate citizens right to city.</div>
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<br />
This ongoing evictions which entail Railway Police and hired goons go against the spirit of constitution, under economic and social rights Article 43 (b)which states, that every person has the right to accessible and adequate housing, and to reasonable standards of sanitation. Emphasis on national values and principles of governance and fulfillment of Kenya international obligations, these ongoing evictions go against "The prevention, protection, and assistance to the Internally Displaced persons and affected communities Act 2012".</div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
It is on this background we also DEMAND the government to urgently intervene as several Primary and Secondary schools students are affected due to this eviction thus contravening the 17 Sustained Development Goals: </div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Goal one government to end poverty in all its forms everywhere, Goal four ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life long learning opportunity for all.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
The government under goal ten to reduce inequality within and among communities and countries, goal eleven the government make cities and human settlement inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, lastly goal sixteen, state to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustained development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
We, therefore, call on HE. President Uhuru Kenyatta and his government to immediately intervene and halt this inhuman degrading eviction, we DEMAND he also acknowledged and append a signature to the bill on Evictions and Resettlement guidelines 2012.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
We petition the Kenya Parliament through its legislative authority under article 94(1),95 (2)and 96(2) to review and amend the HOUSING ACT chapter 117 which commenced on 9th June 1953.<br />
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Thank Yours Faithfully.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Githinji Kamotho.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Chairman: Muthurwa Residents Welfare Association.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Cc. Baraza La Taifa.</div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
East Africa Climate Change Network</div>
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<br /></div>
<div dir="auto" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">
Dated this date 31st October,2019.</div>
</div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-44921530859940486662019-10-08T20:18:00.000+03:002019-10-31T20:31:33.534+03:00OBJECT: Ksh 6 BILLION: MUTHURWA VIADUCT ROAD, NOTICE TO WITHHOLD SURVEY ENGAGEMENTS.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dear GIBBS
International and Kenya Urban Roads Authority.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></b></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dear
Sir/Madam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Environmental
policy statement of your organization claims that:-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
principal concern of GIBB is to follow the best environmental practice
both in engineering services for clients and in the management of all
activities. It further states your corporate aim is to recognize the importance
of environmental issues in the work you undertake. It emphasis that GIBB
International will comply with all environmental legislation and regulations
applicable to stated projects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We understand that GIBB International tendered to
undertake consultancy services for preparation of feasibility studies, detailed
designs, tender documents and supervision of selected roads and a green mall
street Bus Station in the Nairobi Railway Station and its surroundings. A
NaMSIP Project under Credit No.51020-KE funded by World Bank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">GIBB
Africa Ltd is registered<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>with NEMA as a
firm of experts that conduct Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
and Audits, Section 17-1 of The ESIA Audit Regulations,2003 states that the EIA
should ”Seek the views of any persons whom may be affected by the Project” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It’s
important to inform you that we are in support of Big Four Agenda by President
Uhuru Kenyatta on initiative that plans to build 200,000 social housing and
800,000 affordable housing units, under the stewardship of Principal Secretary Ministry
of Lands, Housing & Urban Development-Directorate of Nairobi Metropolitan
Development (DoNMED).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DISPOSITION:
MUTHURWA LAND.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muthurwa
estate is located in Land Ref.209/6502 a 72 Acre parcel of Land on a 1969 deed
lease owned by cooperate entity known as East Africa Railways & Harbors. The
Kenya Railways Cooperation established in 1977 with a work force of about
22,000 workers, KRC collapsed due to late 90s state sponsored thuggery,
mismanagement, corruption and outright impunity, political mandarins by
December 2005<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Muthurwa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>estate among several others <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>controversially allocated to Kenya Railways
Staff Retirement Benefits Scheme(KRSRBS) to cater<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for Pensioners needs, by March 2006 the
KRSRBS had hived off 15 Acres and an extra 4 Acres of the said land which paved
way for construction of Muthurwa Market, and an extra 2 Acres sold to Kenya
Power & Lightning Company (KPLC) the above sale were contested in court due
to illegality and at sold at throw away prize. About 25 Blocks of 24 houses
each were demolished on a three days’ notice. The community petitioned then
President Mwai Kibaki on sparing “Muthurwa Dallas Social Hall” located within
the Muthurwa Market. To date the community which owned the facility has been
denied access and use freely. The multimillion four storey market that was to
be constructed therein ended up being a scam, change of design and inflated
costs arose, a facility that could have accommodated and created direct job
opportunities to 8,000 small scale traders ended up accommodating a partly less
than 2,000 hawkers. For reference into illegal sale of Kenya Railway
Cooperation (KRC) land-Sunday Standard Aug 17,2014 (Page 5).Public Notice in
Sunday Nation 20<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>April 2008
(Page 7) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In
line with Justice Musinga Ruling on Muthurwa matter and the verdict of
Hon.Justice Isaac Leonora in petition No.65 of 2010 especially orders granted
in page 72,73 and 74.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Community Of
Interest-Article 63(1) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muthurwa
residents have two outstanding registered entities that is Muthurwa Residents
Welfare Association registered under Society Rules of 1968 on 6<sup>th</sup>
June, 2012 Registration No. 37532. Muthurwa Housing Cooperative Society
(MUHOCOSO) registered under the Cooperative Society Act, registration No
CS/21284.Currently with a membership of 2882.The grouping being members of
Habitat International Coalition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Granted
above matter on behalf of Muthurwa residents, we hereby state that we are
withholding all further engagements with GIBB International /GIBB Africa Ltd, KURA
due to certain key aspects that have not been satisfactory addressed, beginning
with a Public Participation an event which ended prematurely on 12<sup>th</sup>
April,2018 event held at Muthurwa Clinic Grounds, the ongoing proposed surveys,
an event which the GIBB International team plans to hold for house hold surveys,
Our concern and fear is that in all the community engagement we have held, we
have consistently informed the proponent (GIBB,JICA &KURA ) to engage our
Legal counsel (Katiba Institute) to <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>guide the process, which they seem not to
consider, engaging the counsel in our presence in turn could greatly contribute
and set <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>preamble terms and conditions
for our acknowledging the purported Preparatory survey on Nairobi Viaduct
&Road Construction Project(Environmental & Impact Assessment
–ESIA-resettlement)Action Plan (PAPs) Studies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It
is important to inform you that if you commence with your activities within
Muthurwa area, the Public tend to loss about Ksh. 107,000,000 (US $
1,038,835.23) for a 1.1Km exit road recently constructed by RESJOS ltd, through
stewardship of KURA , which we notice the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>two viaduct roads connecting to enterprise road passes parallel to the
stated road. Granted that the enterprise road viaduct roads are EU and World
Bank funded road, it will be interesting to get to the bottom of this scandal.
Its important to bring to your attention the ongoing court case on the above
road. Petition No.228 of 2016, coming up mid July, this year. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That
stated said action is being taken by us due to the fact that you have continuously
used divide and rule tactics to cause disharmony and mistrust within the
Muthurwa community the good will and gentleman agreement which could have been
harnessed seemed to have precipitate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is to also notify you that if you are willing
to provide adequate assurance of due diligence and having a meaningful
engagement in the future with us, we shall embrace the said mutual engagements and
progress will be resumed in accordance with our inputs and demands.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
therefore take this opportunity to state we will base our negotiations and
engage through:- <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-The
Directive from Attorney General Republic of Kenya to Residents. Correspondence
letter dated August 31,2009 Ref : AG/CONF/15/2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-The
Correspondence letter from office of the Attorney General Republic Of Kenya copied
to resident’s welfare and Nairobi City County Government letter dated 11<sup>th</sup>
July 2017 addressed to Managing Director Kenya Railways Cooperation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<b>Questionable
Total Acreage 5.4. </b>It’s important to point out that your maps and detailed
designs of the intended affected area on relocation of Wakulima Market to targeted
area is far more acreage than 5.4 affecting 13 Blocks of 24 Households, your
survey indicated 13 blocks of 20 Households, it therefore prudent to indicate
in your preparatory survey omitted a bigger percentage of residents households,
we request the established structures which offer livelihoods to residents be
incorporated in the final survey, whom have been In this household for more
than 15-25 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Least
but not last, it’s a concern that why KRC,KRSRBS and Nairobi City County
Government officials are not presence in this process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<b>Mitigation
Measures.</b> We notice that in as much we might consent to resettlement or
compensation plan, there exists several households that have been affected by
being exposed to Kenya Power and Lightning Company 16.11 Kv Power Sub-Station
constructed in 2012 within the estate, kindly since we understand after
demolitions of the houses in the intended 5.4 Acre for the establishment of
Wakulima Market what measure will be placed to mitigate both leaving and
incoming market. If compensation is granted will the proponent consider those
affected by the radiation effects exposing residents? A Complaint was submitted
to KPLC before construction dated 18<sup>th</sup> October 2018.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
are of the view that in as much the proponent could offer financial settlement
we demand that out of 312 houses,150 senior community members to be affected to
qualify in getting <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Agenda Four on Social
Housing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<b>Local
Conflict of Interests on household ownership</b>. Since we have noticed the
conflict the survey is causing on household and the gender violence related
issues, with our established residents’ organizations. The use of local area Assistant
Chief whom has established his offices within the Muthurwa Market is paramount
to trouble due to a cartel of extortionists operating at his offices residing
outside Muthurwa estate .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
recently issued posters inviting residents PAPs to collaborate and attend has
conflicting directives when it comes to conflict, it states that those with any
conflicting issues in survey to take place tomorrow 24<sup>th</sup> May,2018 to
visit Muthurwa Chief, Its confusing to note that the Muthurwa happens to be
within Central Business District, therefore the Area Chief is Located in Ghara
Ward some 4Km away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It’s
of outmost importance to notice that in Muthurwa for almost 5 years there has
never been a meeting between the residents and Area Chief or Asst.Chief nor
have we ever had a Nyumba Kumi process, which they seem to have invoked to
benefit from community misfortune if at all it’s what is being cooked.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
wish to discuss in details KURA & GIBB Africa Ltd Survey report dated 20<sup>th</sup>/09/2016
- 14/09/2016 respectively, compiled by Eng.D.G.Muchiri for KURA and Aggrey
Ochieng<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kwadha-Operations Manager
Environmental Department on behalf of GIBB Africa Ltd.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Conflict of Interests on
Housing Vis a Vis Market establishment.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Its
sad that in this day and age, poor planning, corruption, ineptitude, cartels and
land grabbers are thriving due to a few selfish individuals mandated to hold
Public Office.The group of people or individuals whom advised that relocating
Wakulima Market without our consent at Muthurwa estate is somehow targeting the
said parcel of land. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We
therefore wish to discuss and have a middle ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">For project-related issues
and complaints that we intend to have a clear guideline and outcomes will be:-<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-Ksh
6 Billion (US $ 58,252,427.20) Breakdown Project Cost(Disturbance Allowance Per
Household)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Project
Affected Persons (PAPs) (Household resettlement, relocation or compensation)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mis
Distribution of Benefits and Damages now and there after.-KPLC 16 kV.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vulnerable
Persons, foreigners, traders working and residing within the affected area. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Preservation
of Cultural Heritage Site. Muthurwa Hall, Shaffie Mosque, Muthurwa Clinic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Time
frames for future redevelopments<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Involvement
of International Observervers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Although
we recognize that you face constraining time frames, we will not be coerced
into submission, we are requesting that you extend and re allocate the Survey
till 31<sup>st</sup> May 2018 from 9 am to 5 Pm in order for us to have a
meaningful engagement that conform to our terms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Again,
please accept our apology for this inconvenience. If you wish to discuss more
on those issues, please do not hesitate to contact us. </span><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There
is still time, however, to avoid international arbitration matter if you
contact us within the next 14 days. This will be your final opportunity to
resolve matters without the expense of filling for international court proceedings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Thank You, looking forward towards
favorable engagements.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chairman.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Patrick Kamotho Githinji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muthurwa Housing Cooperative
Society.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muthurwa Residents Welfare
Association. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">P.O.BOX 8668-00200.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Skype:kamotho100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Email:kamotho7@gmail.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Submitted this letter to below entities via
email.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Project-related issues and complaints.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">GIBB International
Limited</span></b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
P.O.Box 30020, 00100<br />
Tel: +254 (0)(20) 3245000<br />
Cellphones: +254 (0)722 206876, +254 (0)733 333024<br />
Fax: (+254) (0)(20) 2210694/2244493<br />
</span><a href="mailto:gibb@gibbinternational.com"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;">gibb@gibbinternational.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="mailto:gibb@gibbafrica.com"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">gibb@gibbafrica.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Principal
Secretary,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ministry of Lands, Housing
and Urban Development.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Directorate of
Nairobi Metropolitan Development.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tel.254-20-317224/35.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">info@nairobimetro.go.ke<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">World Bank-Kenya
Office<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keziah Muthembwa<br />
Communications Officer<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">+254-20-293-6000<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="mailto:kmuthembwa@worldbank.org"><b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kmuthembwa@worldbank.org</span></b></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="mailto:kenyaalert@worldbank.org"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kenyaalert@worldbank.org</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">KURA Director <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Eng.
D.G Muchiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ag.General
Manager.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">dmuchiri@kura.go.ke<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Email: </span><a href="mailto:info@kura.go.ke"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">info@kura.go.ke,</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">General
Secretariat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Habitat
International Coalition.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">HIC-GS
Team.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Marie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(</span><a href="mailto:marie@hic-net.org" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">marie@hic-net.org</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mr.
Yves Joel Zoffoun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(</span><a href="mailto:jyvez.kaf@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">jyvez.kaf@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. Davinder Lamba <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(</span><a href="mailto:davinderlamba@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">davinderlamba@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">JICA Kenya Office</span></b><span style="font-family: "tahoma" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)<br />
Kenya Office<br />
The Rahimtulla Tower, 10th floor, Upper Hill Rd.<br />
P O Box 50572-00200<br />
Tel : +254 20 2775000<br />
E-mail<br />
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-60053746065329895752019-05-01T13:29:00.001+03:002019-05-01T13:29:13.815+03:00AN OPEN LETTER TO COTU: SECRETARY GENERAL DR.FRANCIS ATWOLI ,NOM (DZA),EBS,MBS (COTU)<br />
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Salutation to you Dr.Atwoli.<o:p></o:p></div>
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By default, I am astonished by the kind of work you are
involved in, every man is the architect of his own fortune, so to speak I have
noticed that President and his Deputy President Monthly Salary, by virtue of
being their representative you get a share, so today I don’t think you will be
advocating for salary increment wholesomely which might mean all those you
represent including the above leaders get a salary increment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kenyan Work Force<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Kenya Population is hitting almost 47Million people out of
this Its estimated that the government workforce numbering about 2Million
People on a recurrent expenditure<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>totaling<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ksh 963,672,135,714.68-(equivalent<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to almost Ksh 1 Trillion as of 22<sup>nd</sup>
March 2019) How much does COTU gets from the Government workforce per recurrent
year ?.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The remaining General Public from Gingo Hills in Mandera
County to Macaldier Mines in Kisumu,from Tapeis Hill near Kibish in Turkana to
Ras Kidomoni in Mombasa Coast we <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ought
to ask hard question given that almost 45 Million Kenyan are in private sector,
each employed is deducted a percentage of monthly fees deposited to COTU,it’s a
fraud of highest order to note that this is replicated to all Kenyan employers
also have to part with <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>this fees
deposited to COTU accounts courtesy of NSSF which you are board of trustee.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Union Monthly
Contribution by Over 20 Million Kenyans<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Surely in the past 18 Years you have been at the helm of
COTU, with each month collecting Union monies from President to lowest worker
in Kenya, how much has been collected and what has it been used for, does COTU
build<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Schools,University,Roads,Churches,Mosques,bridges
on behalf of its depositors<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe when Kenyans workers will one day
wake up from sleep they will storm your Kitengela Palace and snuff air from you,
your two wives and 17 children’s for masterminding a national heist come
obtaining monies under false pretense for the past 18 Years.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cotu Elections/Nomination<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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For a majority of ignorant Kenyans to democratically remove
Atwoli from Secretary General Position is as hard as removing coat and shirt from
President Jomo Kenyatta <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>portrait in
Kenya Currency notes.<o:p></o:p></div>
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To Contest for COTU Secretary General position,you pay an
none refundable <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ksh 5 Million fee, you
have to undergo a panel of vetting which is heeded by Francis Atwoli himself, surely
we call for amendments of the COTU ACT. </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">President Uhuru,Rt
Hon Raila and Dr.Ruto and Hybrid Government.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Surely we know and understand that President Kibaki while <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>leaving office in 2013 left this country with
a minimal and manageable foreign dep’t <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and stable standing internationally ,to date
President Uhuru and Depurt President William Ruto have auctioned and hold our
country at ransom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>due to
uncontrolled<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>depts. Which somehow was
massively redirected to enrich a few well connected individuals and families <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it’s a matter of time before a rallying call “Don’t
Be Vague lets get to Hague” begins.Going by the current families and households
attacks in families set up, coupled with economic hardship I don’t for see Jubilee
and its hybrid handshake governance completing its 5 years term.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Personal Tax Returns.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Its stated that “Fair exchange is no robbery” I therefore
request that, as you advance the Kenyans workers plight today you will take
time to inform them how much salary you award yourself (COTU) and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>awarded by other entities you are elected in,
the scale of your salary in the past 18 Years you have been at the COTU Helm, how
much taxes you pay and for which category of work you are involved in.<o:p></o:p></div>
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I believe your work falls under the state officer category
and granted that your purported secretary general position you ought to have
taken an oath of office, which I don’t believe you have ever done as<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>COTU Secretary General. Your conduct over the
months has been contrally to the norms principles <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and values enshrines in the Kenya Constitution
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>thus putting your credibility , moral
and ethical <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>into question. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Skewed Anti-Corruption
Crusader <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I understand you were
a Director of the Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC).In <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2014 To Date you were elected the President of
the Pan African Labour movement, the Organization of African Trade Union Unity,
OATUU. 2008 to Date elected as Member of the Governing Body of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>,
(ILO) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>,
Switzerland. 2011 to Date elected Board Member of Training Centre of the
International Labour Organization in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy. 2001
to Date Member, Board of Trustees at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Social_Security_Fund_(Kenya)" title="National Social Security Fund (Kenya)">National Social Security Fund
(Kenya)</a> (NSSF).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2001 to Date Council
Member of National Industrial Training Authority of Kenya (NITA) .2001 to 2010 Member
of National Aids Control Council of Kenya (NACC) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2001 to 2007 Elected Vice President of the
former ICFTU-AFRO in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, Kenya 2003 to Date Elected every year as Director
of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_of_Kenya" title="National Bank of Kenya">National Bank of Kenya</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2004 to Date Member of National Labour Board
of Kenya 2005 to Date Elected Deputy President of the Organisation of African
Trade Union Unity (OATUU) based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana 2005 Elected
Chairman of East African Trade Union Confederation (EATUC) based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusha" title="Arusha">Arusha</a>, Tanzania. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Despot in Africa
Leadership. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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While despots in Africa Political leadership sphere are
being overthrown or toppled ……. I hope this will not befell you, having been at
the helm of COTU 2001 To Date, 2003 to 2009 being a Director of the Kenya
Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) kindly what achievements or landmark outcomes
you accomplished at KACC.<o:p></o:p></div>
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2005 to date you are the elected President of Trade Union
Federation of Eastern Africa (TUFEA) based in Khartoum, Sudan, our hope is
that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>President Al Bashir will be facing
life time jail term or guillotine team.You being his close ally we hope you will
embark in self-realization and resign immediately .<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Housing Tax and Rotary
Process.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Your acknowledgment and consent to the government to slash
1.5 % of their salary to cater for the Housing Fund, amounts to conflict of
Intrest<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and erodes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Public Trust bestowed to you by every worker
you represent in Kenya.<o:p></o:p></div>
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By writing this letter I am aware that addressing you is
similar to a fool rushing in where angels fear to tread the murder of Kabete Member
of Parliament whom had claimed his life was in danger after he threatened to
take top COTU leaders to court over corruption and massive offshore accounts
worth billions of shillings. Could this be ascertained? <a href="https://intelligencebriefs.com/george-muchai-murder-who-was-behind-it-dissecting-the-alibi-killers-intent-2/">https://intelligencebriefs.com/george-muchai-murder-who-was-behind-it-dissecting-the-alibi-killers-intent-2/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
guilty conscience needs no accuser thus will it be prudent that you inform
Kenyans what beef was between you and the late George Muchai, do you old
offshore accounts ?<o:p></o:p></div>
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In today auspicious workers day, which as usual will be a
talk shop day and a formality procedure for you, we hope before you open your
mouth for salary increment be very careful which category or classes of people
require salary increment, it will be unthinkable to see Executive, Governors, Senators,
MPs and MCAs getting increment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Yours Faithfully.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Patrick Kamotho Githinji.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-14862240878126123822019-04-09T00:38:00.000+03:002019-10-08T20:16:30.214+03:002009 :MOTION ADOPTION OF UNIFORM LAND TITLE POLICY IN KENYA.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<ul class="hansard_entries" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li class="heading" id="entry-137428" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</h2>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137430" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/boaz-kaino/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Boaz Kipchumba Kaino</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I beg to move the following Motion:-</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137431" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/boaz-kaino/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Boaz Kipchumba Kaino</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
THAT, aware that the Government has granted leases for land in settlement schemes ranging from 99 to 999 years and freehold titles to others in the same localities; appreciating the need to harmonize land tenures in the same area; this House urges the Government to adopt a uniform land title policy and converts all the leases for agricultural settlement schemes to freehold titles to facilitate enhanced agricultural output.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137432" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/boaz-kaino/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Boaz Kipchumba Kaino</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, in moving this Motion, I would like to say that land is the source of most of these problems in this country. During the colonial era, this country was a British Protectorate. It was declared British Protectorate on 15th June, 1895. In the process of wanting to acquire and possess land in this country, the rulers at that time enacted some Bills. There was the Crown Lands Ordinance of 1902 and the Crown Lands Ordinance of 1915. These pieces of legislations still haunt us today, 45 years of Independence.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137433" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/boaz-kaino/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Boaz Kipchumba Kaino</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, most of the problems that we have in this country are brought about by land. The Ministry of Lands which is charged with the responsibility of management of land in this country is working at a slow pace in demarcating land in pastoral areas where there are chunks of land.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137434" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/boaz-kaino/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Boaz Kipchumba Kaino</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
In some areas, people have different land leases. Some have a lease of 99 years while others are freehold. There is no uniformity in the land policy in this country. This has led, not only to the reluctance of farmers to produce more food to feed this country, but it has actually brought some problems even among the neighbours. This has contributed to corruption even in the Ministry. Nobody knows exactly what is happening. This Motion is trying to bring out the concerns of freehold. Most agricultural land is</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137435" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137436" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2251</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137437" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ancestral land. This is land that belongs to people and yet, the Government is still insisting on leases.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137438" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, all of us want this country to be self- sufficient in food. We have to support farmers from all corners of this country. In so doing, we need to look critically at the land issue in this country. We need to assist the farmers to own the land properly. To me, by giving them leases, we encourage some laziness or reluctance among the farmers. It is as if we are leasing to them their own land.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137439" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, if somebody has bought land or has been given land by the Government, why can they not be given a freehold, so that the person is free to do farming, or dig a borehole in that area. They cannot dig a borehole because they know that after some time, the land will not belong to them because the Government can repossess it. Even in urban areas like in Nairobi and other towns, where Asians were given plots of land many years ago, some have 99 years leases. At the expiry of these leases, they run to the Ministry of lands to renewal of them. They know without renewal those leases, the Government can repossess the land together with their development there in. The Ministry of Lands does not care whether you have spent millions of money to develop it or not. They only want that piece of paper whether it is a lease for 99 years or 999 years.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137440" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, with regard to agriculture, I urge the Ministry of Agriculture and the Government to assist farmers. We want this country to be self-sufficient in food production. Farmers need to have title deeds, not only in the settlement schemes, but also in pastoral areas. We have got a lot of land in Kenya that is not being cultivated today. We know the Ministry of Lands has not been given enough money to do adjudication in pastoral areas. We should give them enough money so that they can issue title deeds to our people. When you own land, this can enable you to take a loan from banks or agricultural institutions. It is sad that the Ministry of Lands is only concentrating on white settlement areas where Europeans used to cultivate. Little attention is paid to areas where people own ancestral land or areas where pastoralists live.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137441" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Ministry must get concerned with feeding Kenyans. You cannot talk about agriculture without talking about land. Land is the foundation of everything. Without land, you cannot cultivate. It also depends on what papers one has. If you have leasehold papers, the concern and interest of farmers is not attached to this. I urge the Government to speed up demarcation so that farmers can be assisted by the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture and above all, the Ministry of Lands. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, even after 46 years of Independence, the Government Lands Act is not supportive to farmers. This Act was intended to harmonise all land tenure in this country but it has not been implemented correctly. The Ministry is slow in correcting things in that Ministry. My concern is for the Ministry to treat farmers who feed this country, with a lot of respect. They should also have a system to deal with land issues uniformly. The Ministry should put a lot of emphasis on agricultural land, whether settlement schemes or trust lands. In this way, they may correct things in this country by assisting farmers. With those few remarks, I beg to move and ask Dr. Eseli to second.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137442" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/david-eseli/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">David Eseli Simiyu</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I wish to thank Mr. Boaz Kaino for allowing me to second this Motion. I also want to commend the Minister for Lands</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137443" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137444" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2252</h2>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137445" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">for having seen the importance of this Motion that he himself opted to be present during debate. There is failure of the land tenure system in this country. This is in the sense that it is so flawed that people own land under different systems. We have freehold and leasehold systems. Even under leasehold, some have a lesser period of 99 years and others 999 years. This has brought a lot of fracas in the agricultural system. In a constituency like mine, Kimilili Constituency, part of it; Bungoma North District, is a settlement scheme where seven-eighths of the population here own land as freehold, while one-eighth own land as leasehold. The one-eighth that own land as leasehold are also torn between â I would say- suspended animation. They do not know whether the ownership of the land is forever or in the next 42 years they will have to vacate the land because the lease will have expired. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, these people bought this land from the original owners who then decided to sell the land to them. The land was on a 99 year lease. Eventually, those who bought the land have realized that the lease is already half- way and would expire. They would then be thrown out of that land because they do not own it. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I think the gist of the Motion is very clear. In agricultural settlement schemes, the land should be converted to freehold titles. I think it is important because that way, the farmers can access their title deeds and be able to access credit. Right now, because of the leasehold system, they are unable to access the title deeds. The land is treated as a whole. They have been unable to pay for conversion to freehold tenure. These are poor farmers and raising that money becomes a problem. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I think it is important that as we talk of food security in this country, in these agriculturally potential areas, the land be converted to freehold tenure. The title deeds should then be issued to farmers so that they can be able to access credit facilities and improve their farming methods. This way, we can improve on food security in the country. We are in a situation where we have several classes of citizens. We have those who will own land as freehold and those who will hold land as leasehold without actually saying who the second class citizen is. The land tenure system has been a problem. I know and I am aware that there has been a lot of effort to try to improve the system. However, I think this Motion will help speed up this process, especially in highly agricultural productive areas. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, in the commercial areas, this has encouraged corruption. When somebodyâs leasehold is about to expire, then everybody who is involved in land issues, for example, surveyors and all those, sharpen their teeth knowing that the person will come for renewal of the lease and they would be able to seek rent from these people. Sometimes when these leases are renewed, people end up not getting another 99 years. Some end up getting 30 years or 40 years without any criteria for this. Unless we streamline this, we are encouraging corruption that has been eating our society all along. In agricultural areas, it is important to change the lease system because these farmers are the people who ensure that we have enough food. In my constituency right now, farmers are stuck, they do not know whether to invest heavily on their farms or not. They do not know whether they will still own the land in 30 years time. They have been</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137446" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137447" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2253</h2>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137448" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">unable to put in permanent development on their farms. They have been unable to do any long term planning because the leases will expire soon. I think that is part of what is causing the precarious food situation we have now. Most of the farmers are in limbo. They do not know where they stand. They do not know whether in future they will have to move from their farms. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I think it is important that the Ministry of Lands considers the last part of the Motion and converts all the leases of agricultural land to freehold titles to facilitate enhanced agricultural output. I am saying this because there are two farms I am very clear in mind about. These are Wanangwe Farm and James Mwei Farm in Ndalu Division in my constituency. These are huge farms settled by thousands of people who do not have title deeds because they are on leasehold. They are supposed to convert this to freehold. These poor farmers were displaced from Mt. Elgon, they came and bought an acre or two acres for their survival. Now they are being asked to raise over Kshs1 million in order to be able to convert their ownership to freehold. For the good of these people, it would be good if the Minister considered this Motion positively especially in the highly agricultural potential areas of the settlement schemes. With those few remarks, I beg to second.</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137449" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Question proposed)</em></li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137450" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/james-orengo/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">James Orengo</a></strong> (The Minister for Lands)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I commend Mr. Kaino for bringing this Motion before this House. It is an important Motion because it gives us an opportunity to discuss very important matters in relation to land tenure and generally, on the land policy. I do not want to anticipate debate on the land policy, because right now, the Ministry is preparing a Sessional Paper on the land policy which will be brought to this House for debate and approval or otherwise. This Motion makes some assumptions which are not correct. I have discussed with my colleague, Mr. Kaino, that subject to some amendments, we have no problem with the Motion. However, I would like to point out aspects of this Motion which are not correct. I want Dr. Eseli to listen because he is also affected. I know that these matters are very important in so far as Dr. Eseliâs constituency is concerned. The position in the country at the moment is that every land that falls under an agricultural settlement scheme is on freehold title. Under the Agriculture Act, which is the operative provision, the SFT cannot issue any title in an agricultural scheme which is not a freehold. In fact, the Motion is asking us to do what is already in place. All titles in agricultural settlement schemes are freehold. We are going in the opposite direction in the National Land Policy in so far as agricultural settlement schemes are concerned. It is also a fact that in trust lands which have been adjudicated and people issued with titles, they are given freehold titles or what is called under the Registered Land Act âabsolute proprietorshipâ. This means that you virtually own that land without any conditions. So, a squatter who is allocated land in a settlement scheme is issued with a freehold title. With regard to what Dr. Eseli was talking about in relation to pieces of the land in his constituency which are on leasehold, those pieces of land were formally occupied by the white settlers or those who managed to get Government land on leasehold. Since they were on leasehold, they cannot transfer a title that is better than the title they hold.</div>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137451" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137452" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2254</h2>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137453" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, there is some history about this. Lord Dalemare and others were given long-term leases as they tried to encourage white settlers to come to Kenya. If you compare this with what is happening in other countries, you will find that Kenya is one of the few countries where in order to attract white settlers â because most white settlers went to Canada, Australia or South Africa â the colonial Government either gave them long-term leases, for example, 999 years or freehold titles. In some cases, we have leaseholds for 10,000 years. There is no Government anywhere, and we have been looking for comparable situations in other countries, where a Government gives out land for more than 99 years. At the back of your mind, you should always remember that the land that is being given out by the Government for settlement is either Government Land or one which the Government has bought in order to settle squatters. However, if it is trust land to which the community has a right, we normally issue freehold titles after adjudication. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, the problem we have in places like Coast Province or Rift Valley Province, is that we issue somebody a freehold title. That person is settled on the basis that he or she is poor and landless. In most cases, you will find that as soon as that person gets a title, within a week or year, he or she will either sell that land or lease it out in circumstances we have no control of. So, that squatter who was settled will move to another scheme after selling the land that he or she had been given. He or she will declare that he is still poor and landless and, therefore, entitled to be settled. What we are trying to do is that if somebody declares himself to be poor and landless, we will issue him or her with a title which will have conditions. The squatter is barred from selling the land for ten years, for example. We have not agreed on how long that condition should run. We are trying to control the squatters who then become âprofessional squattersâ. I hope you will understand where we have come from. However, the Government will not in instances where land is either trust or private land, issue anybody other than a freehold title or absolute proprietorship. In this Motion, Mr. Kaino, deals with land in settlement schemes. He has not talked about farmers generally, but land in settlement schemes. Land in settlement schemes is Government land. You cannot get a better title than the Government has. You cannot give somebody your car and transfer it to that person at the same time. You either give it and transfer it absolutely or you have a residual ownership by keeping the title in your name. I am saying that we are finding ourselves in a situation where the Government is becoming landless. This is because everywhere, including urban areas, everybody wants land to be converted into freehold. I can assure you that in relation to urban land, for example, in Nairobi and Mombasa, we will not allow people to convert leaseholds into freeholds. This is because we have had instances where the Government needs land, for example, to do infrastructure. We spend a lot of money, for example, to buy land to build roads. The sections from Pangani to Thika was basically Government land, but we gave them out as freehold. The Government is now spending billions of shillings to buy back that land. If we had given those pieces of land on leasehold, it would have been easier for the Government to get them back, because we would have some interest on them. Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I would like to remind Mr. Kaino that most of the land between Pangani up to Thika was agricultural land and not urban land. However, we have found ourselves in a situation where we have issued somebody a</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137454" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137455" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2255</h2>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137456" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">freehold title deed. That is why we have been held hostage by the white settlers who came here and were issued with freehold titles. For eternity, we cannot get those pieces of land and allocate them back to the communities that they belong to. So, in the land policy, in relation to Government land or land that the Government acquires, we will not give people freehold titles. However, if it is community land, trust land or private land that you have worked hard and acquired it as a freehold, we will allow you to have the freehold title.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137457" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ The Temporary Deputy Speaker</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137458" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Prof. Kamar) left the Chair]</em></li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137459" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[The Temporary Deputy Speaker (Mr. Imanyara) took the Chair]</em></li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137460" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, you cannot go to countries like Singapore, Korea and Malaysia and do a major project like infrastructure or building hotels and fail to get land. Singapore is a city state larger than Nairobi and yet if you go there with capital, you cannot fail to get land. Today, we cannot get land in Nairobi because we have allocated many of the pieces of land on freehold basis. We are now faced with a situation where the Government wants to build institutions, roads and infrastructure but there is no land. I agree with the hon. Member that because of corrupt deals within the Ministry â and we are trying to make sure that these activities are minimized â somebody who was issued with a leasehold title converts it into a freehold title. That ties our hands forever and we cannot be able to control development; we cannot be able to plan land use because once the land is freehold, then the Government cannot interfere with it in any way. That is because it is absolute proprietorship. So, I want to assure hon. Kaino that, as we speak today - and I want you; if you could point out to me any settlement scheme where titles have been given, and which are anything other than freehold, and then I will be surprised because all of them are freehold. But in schemes where the Government has bought land from, for example, a land owner, but it is not used as a settlement scheme, if it is planned for development, we can be able to give leaseholds.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137461" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Now, again, in relation to farmers, for example, what Dr. Eseli was talking about, that somebody bought a piece of land and he is a farmer, and that he is limited to the unexpired period of a lease--- For example, there are many people who buy land and they do not realize that, probably, the lease remains unexpired for a period of about five years. So, he has bought it not knowing that the lease will expire in five yearâs time. That will normally require somebody to look at the documents of the lease carefully; look at the head lease and look out whether you are getting good value out of your money. But the thing is: There are places like, for example, in Trans Nzoia, where farmers form a land buying company. When they go and buy that piece of land, they cannot be able to get a better title than what is contained in the head title. So that, if the person they are buying the land from had a lease for 99 years, that person or farmer who was selling to this other farmer cannot be able to give them a better title than he has. So, if the unexpired period is five years, that is the interest he can sell and nothing beyond those five years.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137462" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137463" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2256</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137464" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So, I would want to encourage hon. Kaino that to enable us to be able to deal with the issue of settling genuine landless people in Kenya, we have to put conditions. We cannot give them titles which have no conditions. In the Coast, for example, we have had to take a major audit because you find a family or somebody who has been in this business for a long time has got a hundred names. When people were being settled in Kwale, he is there with his 100 people and acquires a hundred title deeds. If there is land in Kilifi, the same person moves to Kilifi on and on and on until Lamu. So that, in some of those names, you will find somebody or even the same person acquiring, probably, 20 pieces of land within the same region. If his name is Mohamed Ali Salim, you will find a variation of that name â Salim Ali Mohamed, Ali Salim Mohamed â and you think you are dealing with a different person and yet, it is the same person! Once you give him a freehold title, there is nothing you can do about it!</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137465" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So, I think if the Government has to be in the business of buying land and giving it to the poor and landless, the Government should be in a position to put conditions on whatever kind of tenure that is passed on to the farmer or to the squatter. So, Madam Temporary Deputy Speaker, I would urge--- I am sorry, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir. I did not notice that the Chair has changed.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137466" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I would ask that, with some amendments, I would welcome this Motion. I think it is timely because one of the things that we are trying to deal with in the land policy is titling and to make sure that people have titles to land. That is because land has more value when there is title to that land and that, that title is protected under the law, including the Constitution. Hopefully, when the Sessional Paper comes to this Parliament, we will be able to discuss and get views from hon. Members in respect of bringing a uniform system of land tenure. Right now, like hon. Kaino was mentioning at the beginning, a lot of land at the Coast was given under the Crown Lands Ordinance, which is now the Land Titles Act. Now, the system of tenure under that Act is quite different from, let us say, the Registered Land Act or from the Registered Titles Act. So, you can go to a lands registry and present yourself before the same registrar, but depending on the system of land ownership and the relevant law, he has to keep on changing the registers he is dealing with. If you do not have somebody who is well experienced and who can read what is in the head title and the instruments that are being presented before him, you can have a lot of confusion. We have pieces of land in the Coast, Rift Valley and all over which are registered under the Registered Land Act. You will find the same piece of land, again, registered under the Registration of Titles Act. That, for those who are in the business of grabbing land, creates opportunities for people to mess up the land management system. That, we hope that, in good time, when we carry out those major reforms in the land sector, will be a thing of the past.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137467" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, as I said in the beginning, we are prepared to support this Motion, but with amendments. Thank you, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137468" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Thank you, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir. I rise to support this Motion with a proposed amendment.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137469" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I beg to move that the Motion be amended as follows:-</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137470" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
By deleting the words âand converts all the leases---â</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137471" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137472" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2257</h2>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137473" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Order! Do you have that proposed amendment?</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137474" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Yes, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137475" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Clerks?</div>
</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137476" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(The Chair consulted the Clerk-at-the-Table)</em></li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137477" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I gave a copy to the clerks.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137478" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Yes, go on!</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137479" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I beg to move that the Motion be amended as follows:-</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137480" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
By deleting the words âand converts all the leasesâ, which appears on the fourth line. And number two:-</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137481" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
By deleting the words âto freehold titlesâ, which appears on the fifth line. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, the reason for the amendment has been explained very well by the Minister. The reason why I would want to also propose this amendment is simply because of the business that we have turned land into. As a Government, the policy should be land for agriculture. We have always talked about agriculture being the backbone of our economy. It no longer is! The reason why agriculture is no longer the backbone of our economy is because land has been converted into commercial use. Some use it for speculation. There are people who own acres and acres of land simply for speculative purposes. So, when Kenyans are going hungry, there is land sitting idle that could be used for agricultural purposes.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137482" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
That is why, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I really would like to urge the Minister â he came on a platform of reform and one of his first promises to Kenyans was to bring the land policy reform program. We are disappointed, as we are, with this Government. But we are also disappointed with the Ministry of Lands; the slow pace of reform on the issue of land policy is a bit disappointing. That is why you find an hon. Member bringing this Motion because the Government is not moving on this issue. The more the Government drags its feet on this issue, the more Kenyans become apprehensive. All the issues we are talking about today, it does not matter from which angle, are revolving around the issue of squatters, people looking for land and people looking for food security.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137483" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, the issue of food security in Kenya has become bigger than the issue of even conflict on the borders. Why? Because we have no food in this country. It is a shame that we have so much land in this country, but we do not have enough food for our people! It is simply because of a historical injustice during the colonial era â that the Minister has actually explained â where land was given to the white settlers. It was thereafter taken over by those who were close to those white settlers. Up to today, we continue to live in a land where there those who own Kenya and those who are squatters. Unfortunately, those who own Kenyans are the minority. Majority of Kenyans are actually squatters in their country.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137484" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/rachel-shebesh/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rachel Wambui Shebesh</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I wish to urge the Minister to put in place this policy faster because it is bringing conflict and tension in our country. Every community now has an issue of land, even those that did not have issues of land before.</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137485" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137486" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2258</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137487" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Conflict is arising because of the issue of land adjudication. I believe that programmes have already been put in place. I also believe that the policy had been worked on for many years. I believe the civil society and the Government have been involved. He should bring on board this uniform land title policy that I am sure the Ministry has already worked on, to allow Kenyans own land and know that we own it. The security of owning land in Kenya does not exist for small people. It is only for the bigwigs. How does a Kenyan know that they own land and know that it is theirs? If it is not by freehold title then by what means. When you speak about uniform land title policy, bring it to this House. Let us debate. Let us be comfortable that if I die as Ms. Shabeh, I would be able to leave behind my ten acres for my children to inherit it. That is the fear of Kenyans and Members of Parliament. That is why we are supporting this Motion. We do not want a policy that will turn again this land into quick buying and selling scheme for potential businessmen.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137488" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With those few remarks, I beg to move the amendments and ask hon. Mbadi to second.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137489" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/john-mbadi/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Mbadi Ng'ong'o</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I would like to second the amended Motion.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137490" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/john-mbadi/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Mbadi Ng'ong'o</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
In support of the amended Motion, I have one thing that I agree with the Mover of the original Motion; that, we really need to have uniformity in land tenure and ownership in this country, regardless of whether it is a settlement or not a settlement scheme. The issue of land ownership in this country is really confusing to many of us. We do not even understand why land lease is given for 999 years. It is like it is discretion of some officers in the Ministry of Lands. So, we if could have some kind of uniformity in land ownership and land tenure, then I think we would move a long way in understanding how land is being allocated and owned in this country. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I am one of the people who do not believe that someone should have freehold access to land. To me, all the land should have a uniform lease. If it is 999 years, let it be. This issue of some people owning land as freehold land should not arise. Does land belong to the Government or some land belongs to individuals and others belong to the Government? I am aware that the Ministry has come up with a land policy document which will be approved by this House. This is a step in the right direction. All along, we have been asking the Ministry of Lands to come up with a land policy document that would guide land allocation, management and use in this country. I also want to talk about the so called historical injustices. The main reason for talking about settling people is because of historical injustice. My advice to the Ministry and I believe it is captured in the land policy document; we should really be clear about what historical injustice is all about. The words âhistorical injusticeâ in this country is really confusing. Some communities say they have faced a lot of historical injustices. When you ask them from who? They say from other communities in Kenya. So, where does the words âhistorical injusticeâ end? Does it start in 1963 when Kenya got Independence or does it go back to the colonial period when some people were removed from their land to create space for white settlers? So, I would expect the Ministry to be very clear on what would amount to historical injustice.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137491" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/john-mbadi/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">John Mbadi Ng'ong'o</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
A lot has been said about reforms in the lands sector. The land sector still needs a lot of reforms. The Minister must have taken over with a lot of zeal because he is</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137492" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137493" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2259</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137494" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">someone we know. He is someone who holds reforms dearly, including land reforms. As I speak, the people who genuinely want to own land, registration of titles takes unnecessarily long. But you realise that lands that are frequently transferred take even less than a week to be done. This is something that is really disheartening. I would expect the Ministry to address this issue, especially at this time when we are all talking about reforms. With those few remarks, I beg to second the Motion as amended.</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137495" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Question, that the words to be left out be left out, proposed)</em></li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137496" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/eugene-wamalwa/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eugene Ludovic Wamalwa</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I now want to support the Motion as amended. Yesterday, we were debating the Vote of this very critical Ministry, and one thing that we have been fighting for, for a long time in this country is putting in place a comprehensive land policy that will address many of the issues that keep coming up in piecemeal. It has taken a long time until recently when the Cabinet eventually passed the Draft Policy. We believe that we are very fortunate as a country to have a reformist as a Minister in this very critical Ministry. We expect that having taken several years from 2004 where we have been pushing for this land policy, and the Cabinet having passed this land policy in the last few weeks, that the Minister will not take a long time in bringing a Sessional Paper that will bring affairs before this House the proposed land policy. We believe that the Motion moved by Mr. Kaino is a very important Motion and as we support it, we believe that some of the issues in this Motion are some of the issues that should be addressed in the proposed land policy.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137497" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/eugene-wamalwa/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eugene Ludovic Wamalwa</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
We are expecting that over 46 years after Independence, we should have in place a comprehensive land policy that will deal with the issue of title deeds. It is a sad story that many years after we got our Independence, we still have many Kenyans without title deeds; many parts of this country are yet to be demarcated. From yesterdayâs presentation, we are informed that maybe, about eight provinces in this country have actually not been properly demarcated and title deeds issued. Yet, for the few that have received title deeds, you find that there are many people holding title deeds that are still bearing colonial names. In fact, I came across one old title deed for one of the farms in Trans Nzoia District. You will be surprised that this title deed still bears the emblem of the colonial British Government. Indeed, it says; âKnow all men by this presents that the Governor and Commander in Chief of Kenya on behalf of her most Gracious Majesty Queen Elizabeth II---â We still have colonial title deeds; an independent nation, Kenyans holding title deeds still in the names of former lords and royalties from the British colonial Government. We are urging this Minister that we must expedite the process of putting in place a land policy in this nation that will ensure that all title deeds held by Kenyans, not just in settlement schemes in certain parts, but all title deeds issued in Kenya should bear the name the Republic of Kenya and should not have any colonial epitaph. This is what we are urging. We are also urging that, indeed, there should be uniformity; not just in the types of title but also the policy should be able to address this issue to ensure that we also are able to consolidate our laws. You would be surprised how many laws are in place; how many statutes govern land ownership in this country, right from the colonial times. Referring to this old document, we had the Registration of Titles</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137498" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137499" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2260</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137500" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ordinance which is currently Cap.281, which is the Registration of Titles Act. We have the Government Lands Act, the Registration of Lands Act (RLA). We need to consolidate, first of all, as a matter of urgency, all the laws scattered in different statutes touching on land in Kenya. Once we are able to do this, we should also, as the Mover of this Motion has proposed and as amended, be able to now also have a uniform land title policy. Apart from consolidating our laws and having a comprehensive land law that is not scattered in all other statutes, we should also have a uniform land title policy where there is uniformity but most important, as we progress to enhance agricultural output, we would not only be a matter of consolidating the laws and the uniformity but regulating land use in itself. We know that high potential areas like Trans Nzoia and other parts in the breadbasket of Kenya, production has gone down considerably because of the poor land use. We are also aware of the iniquities that exist in this nation since Independence. We recently had a Motion in this House where we urged the Government to set up a special fund for settlement of squatters. It was surprising how many people came up with ideas on land ownership. One speaker indicated that out of Kenya having eight provinces, three provinces are owned by less than five families. We have people owning vast acres of land that lie idle, are unutilized and that are not used in food production to boost national food security. The time has come when this Government through this reformist Minister, should be able to deal with these issues; that we can have so many Kenyans squeezed in what they call points; less than an acre of land. They are unable to cultivate or produce anything, yet there are thousands of acres that lie fallow; that, only we have snakes and rabbits and are not utilized for food production. The time has come when this land policy must be put in place and these iniquities are addressed as a matter of urgency. But apart from uniform land policy title, the processing of these titles â I come from Trans Nzoia District which has a problem of lacking titles. Year in, year out, we have been talking about this issue. I am grateful that the Minister has visited Trans Nzoia District. We urge that he comes back again, so that we can ensure that Kenyans are able to get titles for their land; they are able to access credit facilities through the Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC) and the ADC. We have banks like Equity that has done very well in supporting farmers through the âKilimo Biasharaâ programme where farmers are able to use their title deeds to access finance and develop their land. This is one way of poverty eradication in this nation. Yesterday, we urged the Government to allocate more resources towards this Ministry so that apart from implementation and we know that after the land policy has been put in place, the problem will now be implementation. This is a programme that we must all support and ensure that proper policies are put in place. Lastly, we have talked about settlement schemes in this country for many years. I raised the issues of squatters last year. We were told that the Government has put in place arrangements and has been settling squatters all this year but we have lacked clear criteria that determine identification of genuine squatters, identification of suitable land for settlement of these squatters and that ultimately determine the regions. Why should we have squatters settled in Solio Ranch from Aberdares and Mt. Kenya using Kshs1.3 billion that was allocated in 2006/2007 Budget and none is allocated for the squatters in Trans Nzoia or perhaps the squatters in Kibwezi? We remember Mr. Ndile with his squatters in Kibwezi who has fought for so long and up to now as we speak, they remain landless and they are refugees in their own motherland. We also have a similar situation</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137501" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137502" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2261</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137503" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">in the Coast Province; the situation is so serious. We know the Minister has visited there but we need clear criteria that will address these problems that we have been facing.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137504" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Finally, we urge the Government to very quickly put in place an-all-inclusive process where the funds that have been set aside for IDPs--- We would like to know how the Kshs2 billion that was set aside is utilised in the purchase of land and the settlement of the IDPs. We should ensure that only genuine IDPs are settled and not well-connected individuals, particularly those in the Provincial Administration. With those few remarks, I beg to support this very important Motion and urge the Minister to move with speed to put the land policy in place.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137505" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amason-kingi/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Amason Kingi</a></strong> (The Minister for East African Community)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise to support this Motion as amended.</div>
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<li class="speech" id="entry-137506" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amason-kingi/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Amason Kingi</a></strong> (The Minister for East African Community)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Indeed, there is need to harmonise our land ownership system. The multiplicity of laws that govern land have contributed greatly to the ills that go with the land ownership in this country. I will touch on a particular statute that has been used to marginalise our people. This is the Land Title Act. This was referred to as the âLand Title Ordinanceâ before Independence. This statute is only applicable in Coast Province; that is within the 10-mile coastal strip. The Land Title Ordinance was passed by the British Government primarily to dispossess the nations of the Miji Kenda people from their ancestral land. It was passed way back in 1902. During that period, Coast Province was under the command of the Sultan of Zanzibar. The British colony was given the mandate to administer the coastal area by the Sultan of Zanzibar. So, it was a protectorate. In 1902, the British Government passed the Land Title Ordinance. By then, slavery was at its peak. The Miji Kenda people who had settled within the 10- mile strip were forced to run away into the Nyika Plateau. They ran away from people who were looking for slaves. It was during that time that this Ordinance was passed. One of the provisions of this Ordinance was that people were given six months within which to lay their claim with the recorder of titles in Mombasa. The Miji Kenda people had run into the Nyika Plateau and had no knowledge of this Ordinance. The people who took advantage of this Ordinance were the Arabs who were not the indigenous people and had not settled within the 10-mile coastal strip. The claims that were made by the Arabs were fraudulent. One of the conditions for one to lay a claim with the recorder of titles was that you must have some plan within that area and had settled in the area. None of the claimants that laid claims in 1902 had constructive ownership or settlement of these areas. Therefore, most of the claims that were made in 1902 were fraudulently done and yet, the recorder of title approved those claims and titles were issued to mainly Arab settlers within the area. After slavery was abolished, the Miji Kenda left their hideouts and came down to repossess their ancestral land, only to find that title deeds had been issued to people who were not deserving. There began the problem of squatters at the Coast Province. Large chunks of land, all the way from Vanga to Lamu are owned by few people and none of them are indigenous Miji Kenda people. At Independence, the Government had a chance to put right the wrong that was done through the Land Title Ordinance. However, the Independence Government, instead of rejecting the titles that were otherwise fraudulently acquired by the Arabs authenticated the title deeds and, therefore, they became valid documents after Independence. That action by the Independence Government put the final nail on the agony of the Miji Kenda people.</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137507" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137508" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2262</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137509" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When we hear the Minister for Lands calling upon the absentee land lords to come out in the open and show us the proof of ownership of the land or else those titles be repossessed, for us that is a step towards the right direction. Most of the land lords who got the land in 1902 are no longer there. The people in Coast Province are being pushed by their descendants who are unable to produce documents of ownership. Therefore, the ultimatum, as given by the Minister in November, last year to produce documents of ownership, to us, is a valid step. Through that, we will know who owns these large tracts of land and how they managed to get that land. This is if they exist. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, if you go through the Land Policy that was recently approved by the Cabinet, you will find out that one of the major issues that the Ministry intends to do is to look at the way of harmonizing the many sets of laws. This will enable us address historical injustices. We know that historical injustices are prevalent in Coast Province because of the slavery that took place at that time. Therefore, we, the coastal people, applaud this Motion that seeks to harmonise the land tenure system, land ownership and comes up with a uniform process of owning land. That is the correct way to go because it will put an end to the problem that has been there before Independence and has persisted after Independence. With those few remarks, I beg to support this Motion as amended.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137510" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/johnson-muthama/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Johnson Nduya Muthama</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I also rise to support the Motion as amended. I want to start my contribution by entirely agreeing with the sentiments Mrs. Shabesh has made that âsmallâ people do not have rights to ownership of land in this country. It is true that the only people who are considered when it comes to land issuance are âbigâ people. These are people who own over 20,000 acres of land. None of the pieces of land that are owned by âbigâ people have ever been invaded by squatters. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I also agree with Mr. Mbadi that the current Minister for Lands is a reformist who is very committed to land reforms. If land reforms will not be achieved during the tenure of Mr. Orengo as the Minister for Lands, then they will never be achieved. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, it is not the lease or an Act that is written on a piece of paper that will guarantee the ownership of land in this country. I want to tell my colleagues here that it is very important for us to obey the law in this country. If a farmer holds a 99 years leasehold title for a 5, 10, 20 or 30 acre piece of land and the law does not protect his ownership of that land, whatever reforms that we will bring in will be a waste of time. Today, we have farmers who have title deeds which have been sanctioned by the Minister for Lands and signed by the Commissioner of Lands and yet, they do not own those pieces of land. Those people worked hard and bought those pieces of land. Those people were forcefully evicted from their rightful pieces of land. That crime has been committed by Kenyans against their brothers and yet, we have a law in place that protects private ownership. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, if I evict one of my colleagues here from his plot in Nairobi and occupy it because he is from Western Kenya or Coast and thus a âforeignerâ, we will not achieve any reforms. I want to urge my colleagues to obey the law that is in place. We should go back to the people that we represent and tell them that the laws about land must be respected first, even before we change them. We have the Ndungâu Report, which is still pending. That report has given the Government the</div>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137511" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137512" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2263</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137513" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">guidance on the way forward. It has stated what should be done about land reforms. The Government spent a lot of money to come up with the Ndungâu Report. But it has kept quiet about the report. Soon or later, another Commission will be appointed, probably by the current Minister, to deal with the same issue. That is why I am saying that we must obey the laws of the land. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I also want to talk about people who have been allocated land for political reasons. During the previous regime, I know some people who were compromised on political issues and were given thousands of acres of land. Those people were in high Government positions and they were compromised to protect the system at that time. They are not in the current Government. We have the current Government and sooner or later, we will have another Government. We will have another Government and Kenya will continue like that until the end of the world. It is a waste of time for us to talk about land reforms when we have people who have been allocated pieces of land without paying a single cent and yet, poor Kenyans are languishing out there looking for even half an acre to settle on. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, the people who were evicted from their pieces of land during the post- election violence are still languishing in the streets. Some of them are still residing in makeshift (IDP) camps. What measures are being put in place to find out where the people who own over 100,000 acres of land bought it from? Who sold it to them? They should produce their sale agreements. If they were allotted and they are not doing anything with those pieces of land, then that land can be re-allocated to the poor Kenyans, who do not own any land. If the situation demands, then the Government should purchase those pieces of land and allocate them to poor Kenyans. Kenya depends on agricultural production. We have the National Youth Service that we spend a lot of money to train. They take two to three years to train. Some of them join the military while others join the Police Force. However, we still have young men at the NYS. We have prisoners who are squeezed in small cells in our prisons. Why should an individual own 100,000 acres of land? We should give 90,000 acres to NYS to grow food for Kenyans. We feed our prisoners, give them medication and clothes and yet, at the end of the day, they do not do anything that gives a return on what the country contributes to maintain them. About 1 million acres of land have been proposed to be leased to a Middle East company down at the Coast for farming. Our prisoners, with the equipment that we have in our prisons and at the NYS, can grow food for this country and Kenya will not import foodstuffs. That will reduce the cost of buying food. The Government will also buy that food and, at least, have some money to pay the prisoners before they are released from prison. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, land is what Kenyans know and anybody who plays around with their land, plays with their lives. With those very many words, I beg to support.</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137514" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
There being no other person willing to contribute, may I call upon the Mover to reply. He is not here and I will put the Question.</div>
</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137515" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Question, that words to be left out be left out put and agreed to)</em></li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137516" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137517" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2264</h2>
</li>
<li class="scene" id="entry-137518" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Question of the Motion as amended put and agreed to)</em></li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137519" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Resolved accordingly:</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137520" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">THAT, aware that the Government has granted leases for land in settlement schemes ranging from 99 to 999 years and freehold titles to others in the localities; appreciating the need to harmonize land tenures in the same area; this House urges the Government to adopt a uniform land title policy for agricultural settlement schemes to facilitate enhanced agricultural output.</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137521" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
INCREASE OF BUDGETARY ALLOCATION TO NORTHERN KENYA AND OTHER ARID LANDS</h2>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137522" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/mohammed-affey/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohammed Abdi Affey</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Thank you very much, Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, for giving me this opportunity to move this Motion. Before I read the Motion, I would like to let the House know that, under the Standing Order No.48, I will amend the Motion by adding some words that I will read.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137523" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hon. Affey, I need to have them as you read. Where are they? You are amending something that the Chair does not have.</div>
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<li class="speech" id="entry-137524" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/mohammed-affey/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohammed Abdi Affey</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I had informed the Chair. Let me read and then you will see whether it is fundamental or not.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137525" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Yes, you did inform the Chair, but we need it, please.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137526" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/mohammed-affey/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohammed Abdi Affey</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I beg to move the following Motion.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137527" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/mohammed-affey/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohammed Abdi Affey</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
THAT, noting the past and continued marginalization of the northern Kenya; aware that because of the prolonged neglect, the entire region has lagged behind in development compared to other parts of Kenya; cognizant of the fact that the inhabitants of the region are tax payers with equal human and legal rights like other Kenyans entitled to all the services provided by the Government, including adequate security and infrastructural facilities such as road network to open up the region; appreciating the efforts of the Grand Coalition Government in establishing the Ministry for the Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands as a strategy to address these historical imbalances, this House urges the Minister for Finance to increase budgetary allocation to the Ministry of Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands to at least 15 per cent per annum of the Development Budget for the next decade, in line with the Governmentâs recent positive approach towards the development and transformation of this region.</div>
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<li class="speech" id="entry-137528" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/mohammed-affey/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mohammed Abdi Affey</a></strong><br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, I move this Motion knowing that it probably affects the entire population of Kenyan. This Motion is not intended for northern Kenya and other arid lands only, because nearly 75 per cent of the land mass of this country has been categorised as ASAL. Therefore, this Motion affects the people who live in Limuru, other parts of Central Kenya, parts of Eastern Province, parts of Rift Valley Province,</div>
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<li class="other" id="entry-137529" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137530" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2265</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137531" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">parts of Western Kenya, parts of Coast, and the North Eastern Provinces. Therefore, that tells you that nearly 75 per cent of this countryâs population is affected.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137532" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The intention of the Motion is basically to achieve equal opportunities for all in this country. Within this term of Parliament, this House, in its wisdom, established the Equal Opportunities Committee, which means that it is the desire of all Members of Parliament, the Government and the Kenyan people to provide an opportunity for all to realise our full potential as citizens of this country. First of all, as we thank the President and the Prime Minister, we ask them not to make this Ministry a permanent feature of our Cabinet. This Ministry must remain in our books in as long as it is just necessary. I think it can only be necessary for not more than a decade. For ten years, we run it in order to fast track development and bring this part of the country at par with the rest of the country. Therefore, for it to be a permanent Ministry, will be a disservice to the people in regions affected. So, the first suggestion is for this Ministry to be maintained in place for not more than ten years. Secondly, this Ministry should not be seen as a Ministry for northern Kenya. It must be seen as a Ministry that the Kenyan people require in order to fast track development, because the problems that have happened in this part of the country were not the fault of this Government. They were not the fault of the Kenyan people. It is a historical problem that the Government is beginning to address. Therefore, the starting point is to thank the Kenyan people for accepting it, and thank the Government for having realised that development in this region needs to be fast-tracked in order to bring it at par with the rest of the country. Therefore, what we are asking for is 15 per cent only of the Development Budget. We have calculated this to mean Kshs30 billion. If this Ministry is allocated Kshs30 billion for ten years, for the purposes that I will enumerate, to an extent, we can say that this country is now beginning to realise equal opportunities for all, which is what we want for all Kenyans. This is not for only northern Kenya. It is for all the provinces of Kenya that have had this problem over the years. So, there should be no suggestion in the mind of anybody â Members of Parliament or other people, this desire is only meant to benefit the northern Kenya region. It is not. The mandate of the Ministry suggests that it covers 75- 80 per cent of the Kenyan land mass. It does not cover 10 per cent. It covers Kangundo, Mandera, Moyale and other places. All of us, including the people in the constituency of hon. Kabando wa Kabando, are affected.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137533" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a problem for all of us. It is not for one region or one people. It is for the Kenyan people generally. The historical imbalances happened, not as a result of our choice, but as a colonial legacy. We are trying to deal with it through constitutional reforms. We are happy that the Kenyan Government has finally decided that we need to fast track development in all parts of the country, so that we feel that this countryâs potential is fully realized. Right now, the potential is not fully realized.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137534" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, we are asking for 15 per cent which is KShs30 billion. That is not enough. We want an equal amount of money to come from the development partners, so that we can combine. The Motion talks about the development of northern Kenya. It begins to imagine that there is little development or none at all. Therefore, we are thinking about reconstructing Kenya. It is about 80 per cent of the Kenya land mass and we are imagining it is reconstruction. For us to think about</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137535" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137536" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2266</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137537" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the reconstruction of the country, we must provide resources. That is why the Ministry was established. We had established some displeasure with the appointments made because even though it was meant for programmes in the northern part of this country, the Minister, PS and Assistant Minister need not have come from northern Kenya. They could have come from any part of this country. It does not mean they do not qualify, but to suggest that those are the only ones who are capable of understanding the problems in northern Kenya is a sort of marginalization in itself.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137538" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, we wanted a mixed breed so that a Kenyan from any part of the country can serve in the Ministry of Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid Lands. It does not have to be me. Mr. Kabando wa Kabando or the Deputy Chief Whip can also be Ministers in that Ministry. That is the begging point. We must appreciate that the Ministry was for Kenyan people. It was not meant for a certain community. You do not look at the managers of a Ministry and say: âThis is for northern Kenya; it has nothing to do with us.â The construct was good, but the appointments should have been well thought out.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137539" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Right now, there is a mixture. The PS comes from another part of the country and not northern Kenya. This should have been done in the beginning when the Ministry was established, so that we do not allow people from that area alone to imagine this is their Ministry. It should be a Ministry for all of us.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137540" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, studies in China and India have shown that investing in arid lands have the best returns. We know about 70 per cent of the land mass is arid and semi arid. Therefore, the development of the Kenyan population has been along the corridor line. About 50 kilometers on both sides of the corridor line has been where massive investments have happened. Central Kenya, Western Kenya, Rift Valley, Eastern Kenya, all along the corridor line. There is a lot of congestion and over- population on 50 per cent on both sides of the corridor line. Yet, 80 per cent of the land mass is vacant because of infrastructural problems.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137541" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We have no possibility as a country to imagine integration when we are all concentrated around 50 kilometres of corridor line.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137542" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Before the construction of Garissa Road, there were very few Kenyans who were not residents of the North Eastern Province in Garissa Town. If you go to Garissa Town today, the population is huge. It means, therefore, that the development of the road network has allowed more Kenyans to venture out from their rural settings to find possibility of work, trade and business in that part of the country. Garissa Town is becoming a city. It is fast growing. It is not just growing because of the local population, but because the entire membership of the Kenyan people are now in Garissa Town. It is not growing just because of the local population, but all Kenyans are now domiciled in Garissa. When we had the post election violence, Garissa was the most peaceful.</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137543" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nobody was bothered about where the other comes from or whether someone voted ODM or PNU. The only thing that mattered was that you are a Kenyan who was in Garissa to trade. This tells you that if you open up your country, you can achieve national integration faster than if you closed it. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, we have just continued to re-carpet the roads that were done by the Colonial Government. We are opening up Uhuru Highway but a few years ago, it was so congested. We had what was left by the Colonial Government. Governments came and re-carpeted the road but had no innovation to improve or expand</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137544" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137545" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2267</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137546" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">it. I, therefore, think that the need has been realized. What now remains is to provide resources. We need to provide resources so that Kenyans can begin to get value for money. Right now Kenya trades with Ethiopia to the tune of Kshs3 billion. If the road network was opened from Eastern Province all the way to Moyale, income from trade would shoot to Kshs17 billion. That is the return that we would get in the countryâs economy. Therefore, we are not investing in vain. We are investing knowing that the return is five times what we are achieving today. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, the livestock industry does not exist, yet the tool of trade in northern Kenya is livestock. We do not have a single abattoir from Moyale all the way to Turkana and down to Mandera. This is the situation, yet we are supposed to improve the livelihood of the people in these places. I am sure many of our leaders have confirmed their willingness to invest and find donors for this part of the country. However, it has never been concrete so that it can be included in the Budget. Politically speaking, the entire Membership of the House and the political leadership in this country has realized the necessity to develop but we require the Minister for Finance to factor this in the Budget. It has been suggested that if we develop the livestock industry, 2.5 million Kenyans will find jobs on a daily basis. Those who would get informal jobs would also be about 3 million. Therefore, we can provide resources for 5 million to 6 million Kenyans who live in that part of the country. If that project is that viable, what is Kshs30 billion? We want to develop a country called Kenya. We want to integrate it properly. We want to make sure that all Kenyans can travel and own property anywhere in this country. We cannot, however, live or own property where returns are low. Returns are low if we do not invest. Therefore, I am saying that we must invest. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, Moyale and Marsabit have huge potential for agriculture. If you go to Marsabit, you will think you are in Limuru. Therefore, we need to see whether we can invest in agriculture in this part of the country. If we put in money and irrigate the land, I swear, we will never import food. I know the Vice- President and Minister for Home Affairs and Mr. Wamalwa have travelled by road from Isiolo to Moyale and Moyale to Sololo. I know they appreciate the dilemma in which we are in. We need people to travel in order to understand the beauty of Kenya. The only way we can factor in the Budget some money is when we travel out. That is why I said in another Motion that we must have rotational Sittings of the House. This will make us appreciate that this country has more than we can ever imagine. We will appreciate that we do not need to import food because this country can feed us. We also do not need to import âeducationâ because this country can educate us if we invest positively. Mr. Temporary Deputy Speaker, Sir, if you visit Marsabit District, you will think that you are in Limuru. It experiences climatic conditions that are exactly the same as those in Central Kenya. However, it lacks commitment in terms of resources in order to produce food so that we do not import food like we are doing now. We spend nearly Kshs10 billion to Kshs15 billion to feed Kenyans, whereas if we invested only Kshs30 billion annually for ten years, we would feed this country and export surplus food to the neighbouring countries and even beyond. Water is plenty in northern Kenya. It only requires investment as the hon. Member has said. If the Ministry of Development of Northern Kenya and other Arid</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137547" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">August 5th 2009 PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES</li>
<li class="heading" id="entry-137548" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
2268</h2>
</li>
<li class="other" id="entry-137549" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lands is allocated these resources, a place like Habaswein can supply water to Nairobi for 200 years. This is because the water has been drained into the Lorian Swamp. Should we have water rationing in the City of Nairobi if we constantly supply it with water for 200 years? We have underground water and we only need money. That is why the people who thought about the establishment of this Ministry had a focus and vision. However, we want that focus and vision to be complemented actively by investment. You cannot achieve the vision if you do not invest substantially in this Ministry. This will substantially improve the security challenges that we face in Kenya today. Insecurity is scaring away tourists from coming to Kenya. If we develop the road network between Nairobi and Moyale---</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137550" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Mr. Affey, your time is up!</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137551" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (ADJOURNMENT The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hon. Members, that concludes the business on the Order Paper. Therefore, the House stands adjourned until this afternoon at 2.30 p.m.</div>
</li>
<li class="speech" id="entry-137552" style="background: 0px center; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/gitobu-imanyara/" style="border: 0px; color: #009245; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gitobu Imanyara</a></strong> (ADJOURNMENT The Temporary Deputy Speaker)<br /><div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
The House rose at 12.30 p.m</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-20417750836533265062019-04-04T00:05:00.001+03:002019-10-08T20:22:17.315+03:00Muthurwa Land Survey : Deed Lease<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8tgCXCXjUxql47rOLkIS6pJ9TF1OToLqWHadgQtJc1sn-KXQxBz8Xno1Bwz1jXPLBl-QQnDDrtgJWmccaTqGbP3KUGsO5nnaKcknCyCP9SfrwDb6sicFkksgdHvEgLF4rfb_JlVV8gU/s1600/TItle+Deed+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="878" data-original-width="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8tgCXCXjUxql47rOLkIS6pJ9TF1OToLqWHadgQtJc1sn-KXQxBz8Xno1Bwz1jXPLBl-QQnDDrtgJWmccaTqGbP3KUGsO5nnaKcknCyCP9SfrwDb6sicFkksgdHvEgLF4rfb_JlVV8gU/s1600/TItle+Deed+1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpghPBLmh63wguvbT5BHdstfBCnQx-EgZZb1SVMrhVzVxFGmvZJYHd1ey6Lxh6F_U3LGqLx29yBobbhgfTX3WzMO3E-9fW8DBi4xQRv4wAlLfouJRCWvvT8RJ5TqyUiIIm1RdJ4FK3Eo/s1600/Title+deed+muthurwa+%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWpghPBLmh63wguvbT5BHdstfBCnQx-EgZZb1SVMrhVzVxFGmvZJYHd1ey6Lxh6F_U3LGqLx29yBobbhgfTX3WzMO3E-9fW8DBi4xQRv4wAlLfouJRCWvvT8RJ5TqyUiIIm1RdJ4FK3Eo/s1600/Title+deed+muthurwa+%25283%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRQ1R7xXTn2HSQSoWK5CtUnnmyAXyr3SYkpnLaHnssvTfo1RWfQROriFgQZVC9HYyYaoOw-yg8A9EbaU5iGz3jAI9f9OjdwhCrq_Wkt4FTmNK4AIqVN8_sSS8O2gQNJdC9z5IJcnPAMGY/s1600/Title+deed+muthurwa+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRQ1R7xXTn2HSQSoWK5CtUnnmyAXyr3SYkpnLaHnssvTfo1RWfQROriFgQZVC9HYyYaoOw-yg8A9EbaU5iGz3jAI9f9OjdwhCrq_Wkt4FTmNK4AIqVN8_sSS8O2gQNJdC9z5IJcnPAMGY/s1600/Title+deed+muthurwa+%25281%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE LAND SURVEY: DATED 30.7.1964<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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On 14/1/2013 I visited the survey
offices where I acquired the survey map.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The survey seems to contradict
the deed lease on the entire acreage, from 72 acres to 56.6 acres.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The tenure of the parcel of land
indicates that it’s a leasehold, Letter No. CT/182/781 of 30.3.63.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Computation No.12005, field book
No.8960.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
Credit To Patrick Kamotho Githinji<br />
P.O.Box 8668-00200<br />
Skype:kamotho100</div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0NASICO Plaza, Ladhies Rd, Nairobi, Kenya-1.2870319802217367 36.8374465740967-1.3029064802217367 36.8172765740967 -1.2711574802217367 36.8576165740967tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-45487751393766933262019-03-28T20:12:00.001+03:002019-10-31T20:32:28.737+03:00PETITION: ESTABLISH STATUS OF EAST AFRICA RAILWAYS & HABOURS-LAND BUILDINGS AND ASSETS <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Speaker.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rt.Hon Ngonga
Martin.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">East African
Legislative Assembly.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">P.O.Box 1096.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Africa Mashariki
Road.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arusha,Tanzania.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<o:p><b><u>28<sup>th</sup>/March/2019</u></b></o:p></div>
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<o:p><b><u><br /></u></b></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Salutation Sir.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u style="text-underline: double;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">PETITION:
ESTABLISH STATUS OF EAST AFRICA RAILWAYS & HABOURS-LAND BUILDINGS AND
ASSETS <o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">We are honored to note the commendable work you and the entire EALA are
doing, we write to you highlighting a profound sense of responsibility and
commitment bestowed upon you by the entire East Africa countries and its
founding principles. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Thus EALA is a creation
of legal framework, thus legality can be defined as compliance with the legal
framework in the process and composition of East Africa community.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">CONSTITUTION OF KENYA </span></b>Preamble states we, the people of
Kenya are Committed<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>to nurturing and
protecting the well-being of the individual, the family, communities and the
Nation, recognizing<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>the aspirations
of all Kenyans for a government based on the essential values of human rights,
equality, freedom, democracy, social justice and the rule of law. Article 1
state all sovereign power belongs to the people of Kenya and shall be exercised
only in accordance with this Constitution.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b>Art 2 (1) The Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic and binds all
persons and all State organs at both levels of government. Art 2 (5) General
rules of international law shall form part of the law of Kenya. (6) Any treaty
or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the law of Kenya under this
Constitution.<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(UDHR &
ICESCR) </b>Human Rights to adequate housing is recognized in international
human rights law as component<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>of the
right to an adequate standard of living, as enshrined in<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Universal Declaration of Human<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Rights (UDHR, adopted in 1948) and the
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Rights (ICESCR adopted in 1966).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(VISON 2030) </b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kenya Vision 2030
is the country blue print covering the period between 2008-2030.It aims to
transform country into a newly industrilized, middle income country. This
vision is based on three “Pillars” the economic, the social and the political.
On Social pillar it seeks to build a just and cohesive society with social
equity in a clean and secure environment. Among the projects are viaduct roads
captured in the Nairobi Integrated Urban Development Master Plan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (17 SDGs)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In September 2015, the UN Member States
adopted the “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development”, known as 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which has 169
corresponding targets. Enshrined in the 2030 Agenda are the pledges to “leave
no one behind” and “reach the furthest behind first”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NEW URBAN AGENDA</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(NUA), adopted in 2016 at the United Nations
Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), is a document
that sets the global standards of achievement in sustainable urban development
firmly grounded in the UDHR that focuses on the realization of human rights,
including the right to adequate housing. It sets the framework for sustainable
urban development globally for the coming twenty years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>LEGAL NOTICE 169 OF 2006<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In September 2005, due to haphazard
negotiations and numerous court cases against Kenya Railways Cooperation (KRC)
which had about 22,000, workers and staffs, about 9600 were illegally retired, retrenched
and <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pensioners, the national assembly
established Kenya Railways Staff Retirement Benefit Scheme(KRSRBS) was
established and allocated about 17 Prime estates, located in major towns within
the country. Its estimated that there exists about 324 estates which deed lease
indicates belongs to East Africa Railways Habours,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Land
deed lease indicates that “By Virtue of East Africa Railways Cooperation Act of
1967 this land is vested in the East African Railways Cooperation dated
5.9.1969”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">We point out that for the past 15 Years
several commercial multi-million projects have been undertaken within these
purported parcels of land contrary to the Deed-Lease specifications and ownership
being questioned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">MUTHURWA ESTATE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Muthurwa estate stands at a 72 Acre land
No.209/6502, located within proximity of Nairobi City Center. The 2009 Kenya
Household Survey indicated that there were about 1674 housing units each
measuring 10 by 10 Mtrs, and a population of density 7,049 area in square km
0.5 . We are cognizant to NIUPLAN, which is in the planning phase in
collaboration to ongoing Sub Projects known as Railway City Project which is
World Bank, EU, JICA Funded, waiting implementation phase by end March 2019. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have suffered, or are likely to suffer,
harm as a result of the World Bank’s failures or omissions in the awarding
tender to GIBB International Ltd (A shell registered Company) to undertake “Consultancy
services for preparation of feasibility studies, detailed designs, tender
documents and supervision of selected roads and a green mall street Bus Station
in the Nairobi Railway Station and its surroundings, a NaMSIP World Bank
project funded under Credit No.51020-KE”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">WORLD BANK,EUROPEAN UNION AND JICA GRANTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The government of Kenya is in the process of
acquiring Ksh 12 Billion for construction of viaduct roads, passing, traversing
or terminating within the Muthurwa land and an extra Ksh 7 Billion from the
European Union and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) towards
Nairobi Bus Rapid Transport Project. The entire project and sub projects are
shrouded in secrecy and fears of land grabs are in the offing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In July 2010 on behalf of Muthurwa Residents
we managed to institute Court Case No.357/2010 at the High Court of Kenya to
challenge demolition and evictions. This matter was later merged to establish
Petition No.65 of 2010 on Bill of Rights Article 43 of Kenya Constitution which
states everyone has a Right to Housing and affordable sanitation, a high court
verdict was issued and Attorney General was directed to come up with
Resettlement, Evictions Guidelines Bill, which is yet to be assented too
similarly</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">a clear<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) this is a framework prepared to guide resettlement
action and in particular the preparation of resettlement Action Plans during
Project implementation</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">As provided under <b>WB Involuntary
Resettlement Policy</b> (OP/BP 4.12), information and consultation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">On the detailed Free Prior and Informed
Consent on Sub</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> projects, hold open
households</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Census, which
entails <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>field survey carried out to
identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP), their
assets, and potential impacts; in accordance with the procedures, satisfactory
to the relevant government authorities, and the World Bank Safeguard Policies.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Cut-off date</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> of commencement of the census of PAPs within
the project area boundaries.</span> We also emphasise engagement of all <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Stakeholders—Any
and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and
potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">PETITIONERS PRAY:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In light of several petitions and
correspondence we have engaged on behalf of our community, to AG and government
of Kenya line ministry and petition addressed to President Uhuru Kenyatta dated
16<sup>th</sup> November 2018 titled “Establish Commission of Inquiry into KRC
Land and Assets”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>we do pray that:-</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">If the above will be realized, on behalf of
7654 (2009 Household Census) residents of Muthurwa estate request for Ksh 2
Billion for (Disturbance Allowance) resettlement to a place before realization
of Agenda Four on housing is realized.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-Our Prayers, that Muthurwa Housing
Cooperative Society/Muthurwa Residents Welfare Association be granted rights to
demolish and carter away, all structures, i.e iron sheet, walls, stones, pipes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-We Pray, that if agenda Four on Housing is
realized, that the Muthurwa Residents through their groupings will be allocated
(Quarter of the) part houses, business established there in. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">-For Sentimental value we request ownership
and custodial lease to manage and maintain Muthurwa Dallas Social Hall.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">That if redevelopment of the Nairobi Central
Railway Station and its Surroundings process is embarked on, the residents
through their registered entity will be granted rights to manage all
recreational,educational and sanitations amenities established therein.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Lastly for women empowerment we request that
through Cooperative we be granted rights to own and elect commercial ventures
there in, along the viaduct roads, and the anticipated Railway City Project.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-66287486588834048592019-03-28T17:39:00.002+03:002019-10-31T20:01:26.886+03:00MINISTERIAL STATEMENTS: SALE OF KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION HOUSES 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>MINISTERIAL STATEMENTS: SALE OF KENYA RAILWAYS
CORPORATION HOUSES 2011 <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>NATIONAL ASSEMBLY<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>OFFICIAL REPORT<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thursday,
31st March, 2011<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The House
met at 2.30 p.m.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qVvASDfASPieX6Z_jM0Z78fHLBuTu9gU7IDs9jl0PriOGvEDeYjO8bpMI2zmefTqR1Wvh_N5JnSxqnxOxzjVYjnhoOgcMgaBvXCa_95lZ_IpWlgrh5T9KkFUT0KWjML3woCNwCntVxo/s1600/Muthurwa+Illegal+Sale+2010+Pg+1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="389" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qVvASDfASPieX6Z_jM0Z78fHLBuTu9gU7IDs9jl0PriOGvEDeYjO8bpMI2zmefTqR1Wvh_N5JnSxqnxOxzjVYjnhoOgcMgaBvXCa_95lZ_IpWlgrh5T9KkFUT0KWjML3woCNwCntVxo/s320/Muthurwa+Illegal+Sale+2010+Pg+1.PNG" width="245" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3yhaslEP_tVOTm6Adhn4RCoTa7ph_gxzyOJRMcHZZYT7KX1z_Sj77US8Rr_1EFfHWWuXRkTdza4r-H9w5jrcIAi99V1ksW0UAc458PSjdKiNgMMlpFzaKRDwYxrEbIweUXRoJ14g7-fE/s1600/Muthurwa+Illegal+Sale+2010+Pg+2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="390" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3yhaslEP_tVOTm6Adhn4RCoTa7ph_gxzyOJRMcHZZYT7KX1z_Sj77US8Rr_1EFfHWWuXRkTdza4r-H9w5jrcIAi99V1ksW0UAc458PSjdKiNgMMlpFzaKRDwYxrEbIweUXRoJ14g7-fE/s320/Muthurwa+Illegal+Sale+2010+Pg+2.PNG" width="250" /></a><br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amos-kimunya/">Amos Kimunya</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (The Minister for Transport) <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Speaker, Sir,
as requested by the Member for Makadara, Mr. Mbuvi, I wish to make the
following Statement on the sale of Kenya Railways houses in South B. Mr.
Speaker, Sir, some of the Kenya Railways Corporation (KRC) operations were
concession to the Rift Valley Railways (RVR) on 1st November 2006. </b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">However,
various assets were retained by the corporation. Part of the Government</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">s strategy
to improve the corporation's</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> financial position included the disposal of some of the
non-strategic land and assets by outright lease or sale. In order to implement
this strategy, an Inter-Ministerial Committee was formed and they prepared a
report in September, 2007. This report made recommendations, including the
outright disposal of specific properties, re-development and leasing of others.
In addition, the committee recommended sale of some of the properties to staff
at preferential rates. The report was then tabled to the board of KRC and
recommendations were adopted<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">18
Thursday, March 31, 2011 (P)<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The KRC the board made recommendations for the disposal of the South B houses in line with the
requirements of the Kenya Railways Corporation Act (Cap.397). Consequently, the
approval that was sought was granted by both the Ministry of Transport and the
Ministry of Finance, pursuant to the provisions of the State Corporations Act
which require that approval be given by the two Ministries. </b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The Corporation was
directed to dispose of the assets at market prices through a competitive
process. You may recall that I mentioned that the committee had earlier
recommended that the houses be sold to staff at preferential rates. However,
when the approval was given, it was conditional to disposal of the assets at
market price through a competitive process. Mr. Speaker, Sir, the sale of the 38
houses or plots in South B was advertised in the local Press pursuant to the
directive and over 300 bids were received. The sale was by open tender and
interested bidders, including members of RVR and KRC were invited to buy tender
documents giving full descriptions, including the developments thereon, of all
the properties. </b><br />
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></b>
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The properties were valued prior to advertising to determine
reserve prices. Mr. Speaker, Sir, the tender process is now complete and names
of the would-be purchasers are not known at this point. All the bidders were to
obtain a viewing certificate as a mandatory requirement in the tender documents
to ensure they familiarize themselves with the property and the developments on
them. The tenders were opened on 11th March 2011, in the presence of all the
bidders or their representatives and the bids were readout.</b><br />
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></b>
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> Mr. Speaker, Sir,
neither the Ministry nor the Corporation is aware of any inducement having been
paid to any person. I request the hon. Member to let myself or any other relevant
organization have any evidence in this regard. In addition, no aliens were
allowed to participate in the process as all bidders were required to either
provide copies of their national identification or certificates of
incorporation in the case of companies. Further, the lease termination notices
issued to the tenants are in accordance with the individual lease agreements. </b><br />
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></b>
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Tenants were given notice in order to give buyers vacant possessions as
envisaged in the bid documents and, therefore, no forceful evictions are
contemplated. In conclusion, let me say that the entire process of the sale of
South B houses is being carried out in accordance with the directions given by
the Government following the report of the Inter-Ministerial Committee and it
is in tandem with the provisions of the Public Procurement and Disposal Act of
2005 and the Public Procurement and Disposal Regulations of 2006.</b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mr. Speaker</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hon. Members,
anybody interested in clarifications on this Statement?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/john-aluoch/">John Olago Aluoch</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Speaker, Sir,
yesterday, I listened very carefully as the Minister for Lands was explaining
how valid title deeds can be transferred on leases that were given to the public
corporations. One of the things that the Minister said was that when conditions
of the original lease indicated that the leasehold interest cannot be
transferred or sold than any public corporation that attempts to make that
transfer or sale, however competitive the process is, will be committing an
illegality and will be breaching the conditions of the lease. Under these
circumstances, could he clarify to the House if the leasehold interests that
are being transferred by KRC are subject to the conditions of the original
lease that was given to them?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amos-kimunya/">Amos Kimunya</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (19 Thursday, March 31, 2011 (P) The
Minister for Transport) <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Speaker, Sir,
KRC is a body corporate with power to own, contract, have properties and
dispose of property. It is no different from an individual who has a lease from
the Government. The same conditions that apply to anyone who has a lease will
apply to any other body corporate. Mr. Speaker, Sir, I know we have gone
through this. We have also looked through it. There are different legal
interpretations on this matter. But in this particular case, I would like to
state that the Inter-Ministerial Committee that was formed in 2007 to look at
this specific matter, had representation from the Ministry of Transport,
Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Lands, Ministry of Local
Government, the Attorney-Generalâ</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span>s office, the Inspectorate of State Corporations and the KRC.
They looked at this matter and agreed on the way forward on this.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amos-kimunya/">Amos Kimunya</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (19 Thursday, March 31, 2011 (P) The
Minister for Transport) <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">So, the Ministry
for Lands was well represented and the Office of the Attorney-General gave its
advice. It was agreed that, that could be done according to the Kenya Railways
Act. The Act stipulates how the Corporationâ</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span>s assets can be disposed of or leased.
In the meantime, just for the comfort of hon. Members, and because this matter
is going round and round, we have put efforts together to get this matter
re-looked at afresh, have a Cabinet Memo that will then guide this process.
That way, we can have one voice coming out of the Government through the memo
that will have been agreed upon in the Cabinet. So, if you could hold on, we
will ensure that we will, at least, have one voice coming out because we both
believe we are right.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/john-aluoch/">John Olago Aluoch</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On a point of
order, Mr. Speaker, Sir. The issue that I have raised has not been addressed by
the Minister. The issue was this: If it was a condition in the original lease
that the interest would not be transferred, then it is possible that Kenyans
who are innocent are being given title deeds which are not worth the paper they
are written on. Could the Minister confirm? It is not a question of what the
Government will do or what people have agreed on. But has the condition of the
lease been changed to allow for transfers of the leasehold interest?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Mr. Speaker</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Minister,
maybe, you may want to deal with that one specifically. That is because I
understand what the hon. Member is getting at. He has narrowed it down to the
conditions on which the lease is granted. If one of those conditions is that
the interest is not transferable, then, obviously, any transfer is illegal. So,
just address yourself to that area.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/person/amos-kimunya/">Amos Kimunya</a></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (The Minister for Transport) <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mr. Speaker, Sir,
as far as we are concerned with regard to those properties, that matter had
been cleared. But before the conclusion of that process, the matter will be
looked at afresh. In any case, the transfer process will have to be a joint
effort between the Kenya Railways Corporation and the eventual buyers. So, we
will have a look at it and if there is a hindrance to that, we will come up
with the best way to ensure that nobody gets documents that are doubtful in
terms of their legality.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-31193749369073238452019-03-28T14:58:00.001+03:002019-10-31T20:14:02.676+03:00LETTER TO THE CJ, JUSTICE TRAVESTY: 21 YEARS PENDING MATTER ON KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hon David K
Maranga.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chief Justice
Republic Of Kenya. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Head of the
National Council <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">For the
Administration of Justice (NCAJ) – <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">P.O. Box 30041 –
00100, <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nairobi <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Salutation Sir,<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u style="text-underline: thick;">JUSTICE
TRAVESTY: 21 YEARS PENDING MATTER ON KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION<o:p></o:p></u></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">KINDLY REFER: CJ 155/2 DATED 24<sup>TH</sup> MAY 2012<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">On behalf of Muthurwa
Residents Welfare Association we are delighted by the commendable work you and
the entire Judiciary is involved in, the measure and strides you have
undertaken to make Kenya a better society for all is highly commendable. We are
delighted and happy to be part of this distinguished process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kenya Judicial motto is
“Balanced scales of Justice ensure transformation” in fulfillment of judicial
constitutional mandate as stipulated under Art 159 and responding to high
expectations and demands for improved performance, we wish to humbly request
for your intervention in regards to 21 years Employment & Labour Court case
before Justice. Nzioka Wa Makau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The matter before court
revolves around the financial award granted to Kenya Government by the United
Kingdom Government amounting to £ 21,841,427/= to cater to the former workers
of defunct East Africa Community. Kenya Government being a custodian of the
said monies were supposed to settle about 22,000 workforces of Kenya Railways
Cooperation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The deed of settlement
filed in Kampala High Courts Civil Suit No.1010 of 1996 dated 27<sup>th</sup>
Oct, 2000 filed in Tanzania High Court Civil Suit No.95 of 2003 dated 28th
September 2006 respectively, indicates the above countries managed to settle
the plight of the said workers.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">In 1998 following the
World Bank -Structural Programs, Kenya Railways Corporation ensured in
retrenching, retiring of its workforce, over 9500 people become pensioners,
whereby the Kenya Government in June 2006, established the Kenya Railways Staff
Retirement Benefits Scheme (KRSRBS)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>vide
Kenya Gazette No.169 of 2006.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The KRSBRS allocated over
17 Estates and Prime Properties/ Lands located within major towns in Kenya,
among them 72 Acres(valued<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ksh 34
billion as per 2018 market value) Muthurwa estate, 134 Acres Makongeni Estate,
274 Acres Landi Mawe estate. The purported allocation of these state corporation
assets were done contrary to the law and spirit of constitutionalism, Its
noteworthy that as the allocation and tilting of the said parcels of land, over
4000 people had an ongoing 1997 Court case instituted in Nakuru High Court
(HCCC 1897 of 1997) , which was consolidated with HCCS No.743 of 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">That there existed a
Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) Registered in Industrial Court as RCA
No.165 of 1998; however the agreement dated 30<sup>th</sup> March 1995 could
not be traced in Court records. The Agreement reached by Central Joint Council
held on 10<sup>th</sup> 14<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>November 1997 stood.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">That as the matter was
pending in Court an Inter-Ministerial Committee was established comprising Representatives
from Ministry Of Transport, KRC, Inspectorate of State Corporation, Civil
Service Reforms Secretariat, Directorate of Personnel Management, Ministry Of
Justice & Constitutional Affairs and Ministry Of Finance vide letter
Ref.MOT/CONF/8.006 Vol.III Dated 26<sup>th</sup> September 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">That Hon Lady Justice Ali Aroni in 9<sup>th</sup>
October 2009 stated that the fact KRC transferred houses and assets, the Orders
issued by <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hon Judge Msagha J was still
in force barring evictions relocation or tampering of their housing enjoyment.
He pointed out that the action of the corporation was definitely an attempt to
evade the orders of the Hon Judge Msagha J.HCCC No.397 of 1998 (Nakuru) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">By 2018 following judicial
directives to expedite and fast-track, completion of old court cases pending in
various courts countrywide, Hon. Justice Nzioki Wa Makau exposed over 9000
senior citizens to evictions which are being anticipated in the next few
days(Earmarked<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for April next week )
residing along with railways houses mainly in Muthurwa, Landi Mawe, and Makongeni
estate, Nakuru, Kisumu, Mombasa and Nanyuki.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The Hon.Judge Nzioki Wa
Makau stated he has been directed to sit in Nairobi from Nyeri for a week to
dispose of old matters. He went ahead and vacated orders for Non-Distress 2.He
directed that the respondents may proceed to distress and obtain rent pending a hearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">That through his ruling
massive plunders and pillage of state corporation assets are exposed to
fraudsters and wheeler-dealers whom had paid down payment for the above parcels
of land as early as in 2010. Hence the Petition No.65 of 2010 whereby Muthurwa
Residents sued, an unbalanced and contradictory verdict by Justice Isaac Leonora
was issued. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">As of 2017, a shell company <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tendered
for a Ksh 5 Billion to undertake consultancy services for preparation of
feasibility studies, detailed designs, tender documents and supervision of
selected roads and a green mall street Bus Station in the Nairobi Railway
Station and its surroundings. A NaMSIP Project under Credit No.51020-KE funded
by World Bank.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">They
have undertaken household surveys within the Muthurwa estate in the guise of
removing residents for commercial redevelopment purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Residents in Muthurwa tends to suffer irreparably
damage, harm, suffering from the project or program as it has come to our the attention that NEMA issued a letter to KRC dated 22/8/2017 Issued
(Mid-Presidential Repeat Election) indicating that there was no need to conduct
a separate SEA for the Muthurwa projects, considering the projects was assessed
in NIUPLAN, a plan that the residents were not involved and if they were, we
totally<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>refused to consent or recognize
the process.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">However to settle all the
matters related to Kenya Railways Cooperation/KRSRBS/Rift Valley Railways we
humbly request for your able office to intervene.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">That the ruling dated 17
th December 2018 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by the judge Nzioki Wa
Makau was designed to defeat justice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">We humbly request for your
urgent intervention, in saving the country from imminent corrupt individuals
and cartels targeting this once vibrant state corporation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Yours Faithfully. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Patrick Kamotho Githinji.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Chairman, Muthurwa
Residents Welfare Association.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">World Bank</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Executive Secretary, the
Inspection Panel <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">1818 H Street NW, MSN
10-1007, Washington, DC 20433, USA <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Email:
ipanel@worldbank.org .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">2.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The East African Legislative Assembly.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The Speaker.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Rt.Hon Ngoga Martin.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">martinngoga2020@gmail.com<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Office of the First Lady, State House</b>
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">fl.secretariat@president.go.ke,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">@FirstLadyKenyaHon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">H.E.
Margaret Kenyatta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">First
Lady of the Republic of Kenya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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4.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chief Justice Republic Of Kenya. <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<a href="mailto:servicedesk@court.go.ke"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">servicedesk@court.go.ke</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">P.O. Box 30041 – 00100,
Nairobi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">0730 181600/1700/1800<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="mailto:oagpcomms@kenya.go.ke"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">oagpcomms@kenya.go.ke</span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kenya</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">. E-mail:
communications@ag.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">go</span>.<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ke</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">P.O.Box 30465-00100<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Email;bhcinfo@jambo.co.ke<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Nairobi,Kenya.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Harambee House, Harambee Avenue<br />
P.O Box 30510,00100 Nairobi.<br />
Tel: +254-20-2227411<br />
Email: </span><a href="mailto:ps.interior@kenya.go.ke"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">ps.interior@kenya.go.ke</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">, </span><a href="mailto:ps.pais@kenya.go.ke"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">ps.pais@kenya.go.ke</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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National Commission for Human Rights –<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>haki@knchr.org; </span><a href="mailto:complaint@knchr.org"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">complaint@knchr.org</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">11 Director of Public
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Ministry of Interior &
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-33989515535960438282019-03-28T14:41:00.002+03:002019-03-28T14:41:33.336+03:0021 Years Justice Travesty,a Kenya Railways Cooperation Rip Off.<div id="yui_3_15_0_2_1553772825190_2080" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2228; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Greetings to all.Pan Africans</div>
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We call for International Support.</div>
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The attached below is our letter / Petition to the Chief Justice Hon David Maranga dated 26th March,2019.</div>
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The letter highlight how United Kingdom Government in 1997 gave a grant of Pound 21,841,427 /= to settle over 22,000 Workforce of Kenya Railways Cooperation,we have highlighted how Uganda Case and Tanzanian Cases were finalized and how it related to Kenya. </div>
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The petition highlight how corruption and underhand dealing have crept back to Kenya Judicially (Fastracking Process) especially a vedict by Justice Nzioki Wa Makau which he lifted Interlocutory Orders within it targeting housing rent(Over 9000 Pensioners and Retirees faces evictions in two weeks,) the Orders which was agreed in Collective Bargaining Agreement(1998) issued by Justice Ari Aroni and J Msagha,In December 2018, Justice Nzioki Wa Makau directed by Chief Justice to sit for a week in Nairobi and finalized old cases,instead of fastracking the matter he opened a loophole which exposes the said grouping to evictions granted that by year 2010 most of Kenya Railways lands and assets have been sold and non refundable down payment made,thus how the Muthurwa Resident through Katiba Institute and the (Compromised Kituo Cha Sheria) ended up in Court.</div>
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We have attached copied of how Ministry Of Transport and Ministry of Lands directed Kenya Railways Corporation (State Cooperation )formed an entity known as Kenya Railways Staff Retirement Beneffit Scheme (KRSRBS) which they purported to grant 17 estates worth over 21 Billion (2006 Alexandor Forbes Audit) to cater for Pensioners needs,you can see the assets/lands were in real sense 21, cureently over 12 assets have been sold and pensioners going for almost five months without pension.</div>
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Its interesting to note that the KRSBRS-Scheme has been claiming to represent the interest of over 9500 exaggerated out of the 22,000 initial workforce, this has been a ploy by cartel,which formed the scheme in 2006.Since the formation of the said scheme it has only managed to hold 5 Aual General Meetings which attendance has never reached over 1000 people,its a fraud of highest magnitude.Cartels have been amassing and swindling the purported schem since its formation in 2006.</div>
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We have copied the petition to World Bank and several government institution ,granted that World Bank -Kenya Office is also involved in this scam,i.e the Award of Ksh.5Billion to GIBBS International Ltd (A shell Company) with no directors. to undertake the feasibility studies where by last year they undertook household surveys in Muthurwa and Landi Mawe for relocation and resettle ment.</div>
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We call for support t organize all groupings related to KRC /Scheme and Rift Valley Railways workers,whom have been disputing the sales and being left out.</div>
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As of today 28th March the counsel Mr. Greg representing over 12,000 Pensioners and retrenchess has been served with eviction notice.We humbly request for your interventions,i.e share the copy of the attached petition with Media / those with connection with the Chief Justice office request he review and form a three bench judge to finalize this matter alternatively help us file for a public interest litigation to challenge the ownership of those 21 parcel of land as attached </div>
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View also Hansard Report <span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">NATIONAL ASSEMBLY </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">OFFICIAL REPORT </span><span style="background-color: initial; color: #444444; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">Thursday, 31st March, 2011</span></div>
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<li class="yiv3957985426ydp4b56fd44other" id="yiv3957985426ydp4b56fd44entry-58161" style="background-color: initial; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MINISTERIAL STATEMENTS SALE OF KENYA RAILWAYS CORPORATION HOUSES</li>
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The responce by the then Minister on how the KRC formed the Kenya Railways Staff Retirement Benefit Scheme(KRSRBS) </div>
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Hon Amos Kimunya questioned by Hon John Olango Oluoch <a href="http://info.mzalendo.com/hansard/sitting/national_assembly/2011-03-31-14-30-00#entry-58429" id="yui_3_15_0_2_1553772825190_2061" rel="nofollow" style="color: #196ad4;" target="_blank">http://info.mzalendo.com/hansard/sitting/national_assembly/2011-03-31-14-30-00#entry-58429</a></div>
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+254 723033334 /0775914444</div>
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Patrick Kamotho.<br />Bunge La Mwanainchi </div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-80296214859598662082019-01-06T01:28:00.001+03:002019-01-06T01:28:20.357+03:002018 Range Rover Sport - Ready To Take An INSANE OFF-ROAD CHALLENGE !!<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Vw6tjKbD6nY" width="480"></iframe>Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-26644037049656708962018-09-30T19:28:00.000+03:002018-09-30T19:28:03.262+03:00Sir Mohinder Dhillon Autobiograhy:: World Presidents Must Read Book.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Greeting friends and comrades.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Today Sunday, 30th there is an amazing and a very rich historical epic autobiography by a Kenya renowned Camera and Film Producer. Sir Mohinder Dhillon.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Its my sincerest hope that this episode will change Kenyans lives for the betterment.</div>
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I wish to confess that, to me Sir Mohinder Dhillon is more than a mentor and a father figure to me.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sir Mohinder Dhillon reflections are captured vividly in the book titled” My Camera, My Life” which is currently found at TEXT BOOK CENTER,SARIT CENTER and at BOOKFIRST YAYA CENTER. Going for a Ksh 4500.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A glimpse of this inspiring book gives you insights on first hand experiences of Camera Man during Pan Africa Countries Struggles.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The bulk book is in a 3 Sub-book captures different social ,political and economic aspects of Africa Countries, Europe and America, India Historical background in Kenya and Asia during second world war.Mau Mau Uprising,Safari Rally.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In Ethiopia,the lifestyle of Haille Sallassie, in Jubille Palace, his leadership to his death, I advise all adherents of Rasta and Jamaicans to get a copy, he narrates how he managed to capture films of 1984 Ethiopia Famine, the films and photos from that famine led the world to contribute towards that calamity, thus how the late Micheal Jackson sang we are the World theme Song among other world Celebrities. He narrates of Kashmir Wars Aden War, Afghanistan War, Ethiopia wars within itself,the oromo wars/ massacres Ogaden Wars,FRELIMO Wars.<o:p></o:p></div>
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He captures the mercenaries war in Bukavu and in Bunjubura the mineral rich never ending wars.</div>
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The Rwanda Maasacre,Leopord Congo Ville Wars, His views on Army mutiny- in East Africa Countries, during Obote,Idi Amin Dada,Entebee Air Raid,in Tanzania-Karume Abeid Amani, Kabila ,Laurent Desire,Joseph Desire,Kaunda Kenneth,Mwalimu Julius Nyerere,Mobutu Sese Seko,Museveni Yoweri,Bob Mugabe.<o:p></o:p></div>
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He connects how British came up with Africa independence political parties names,KANU-Kenya Africa National Union-Kenya. ZANU-Zimbabwe African National Union. TANU, How South Africa achieved independence in 1962.How a majority of Africa Countries got their independence in 1960-1964<o:p></o:p></div>
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How Proffessor Wangai Maathai rose to fame, how they worked overnight , the wisdom and knowledge he learnt on Environmental front. How he captured the America-Korean War, phnom penh Viet Cog war,how chemical Orage was used to annihilate the communities and bigger swathe of land across Vietnam become barren,how vietnam government come up with mitigate measure of the chemical, he points out the Khomeini Ayattola Ruhollah<o:p></o:p></div>
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His views in Pakistan,India,the Bhuttos Familie and political base.In Africa Joseph Kasambuvu<o:p></o:p></div>
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Its inspiring on how he was able to film Commedian, Charlie Chaplin in a holiday in Kenya, how in real life Mr.Chaplin was he captures the Kenya shifta war.<o:p></o:p></div>
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His filming Pope, John Paul ii ,<o:p></o:p></div>
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During President Uhuru birth, the photo and how the security cordon off the hospital, in as much we had not achieved independence, to date this contradiction has never been addressed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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He narrates how deferent religion and different ideologies have evolved over the years,to understand Asia Community in Kenya,this is a must read book for all,to understand Rasta connection with Ethiopia Othodox Church,to understand Sikh religion or to understand the war between Pakistan and India,Kashmir and how the name Muthurwa in Nairobi was realized, its amazing that there existed a place with the same name in border between India and Pakistan.The original name “Mithra” is a Godess name, which means “to make convenant with”<o:p></o:p></div>
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In Kenya,learn about the activities and death of Kariuki, Josiah Mwangi,Pio Gama Pinto,Muliro Masinde,Murumbi Joseph among othersThe 1998 Bomblast in Kenya and Tanzania,the first responders</div>
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His views on East African Railways and Habours Cooperation, He narrates of Muhammad Ali Boxing in Congo, tittled Rumble in the Jungle,his friendship and business struggle with the Late Mohammed Amin whom perished in an Ethiopian Airways after terrorist hijacked the plane.<o:p></o:p></div>
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After reading and re-reading this book, I requested President Obama during 2<sup style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">nd</sup> Tour of Africa I twitted he read this book. Its my deepest believe that this book will one day be produced into a real life series movie.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Thank You.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Patrick Kamotho<o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>N/b to engage Sir Mohinder Dhillon<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>SIR MOHINDER DHILLON (ACS)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>P.O. BOX 781 - 00606<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>CELL: +254 733 611 379 (WhatsApp)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i><a href="mailto:Email%3Amo@africapix.co.ke" style="border: 0px; color: #6611cc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Email:mo@africapix.co.ke</a><o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i>Skype: mohinder_dhillon<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-45362290765741482582018-07-13T21:10:00.001+03:002018-07-13T21:10:18.202+03:00 I Was A Russian Spy And Failed A Mission.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXu5cK5q-Z8</div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-52722703335810853852018-07-13T20:57:00.001+03:002020-01-28T11:47:18.512+03:00CANCER HOAX AND TRUTH<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="cancer cells" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Everyone Has Cancer Cells</h2>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth: </strong> Cancer is a genetic disease resulting from a variety of mutations and alterations either inherited from our parents or, more commonly, acquired over time due to environmental exposures and behaviors, such as smoking and poor diet. These alterations turn off important cell growth regulators allowing cells to continually divide unchecked, explains Luis Diaz, a clinician-scientist in Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics at the Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins. This type of cell is called a malignant or cancer cell. Among the trillions of cells in the human body, inevitably everyone has some abnormal or atypical cells that possess some of the characteristics of cancer cells, most resolve themselves and never result in cancer, says Diaz. </div>
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There is no single or standard test for cancer. There are ways to screen for certain cancers with tests such as <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/colorectal_cancer/appointments-locations/index.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="colonoscopy">colonoscopy</a> for colon cancer, <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/breast_center/treatments_services/breast_cancer_screening/digital_mammography/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="mammography">mammography</a> for breast cancer, PSA for prostate cancer, and the <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/cervical_dysplasia/diagnosis_and_treatment/abnormal_pap_test.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Pap smear">Pap smear</a> for cervical cancer, and these tests can detect cancers in a very early and curable stage. For many cancers, there currently are no screening tests, and they are diagnosed when they begin to cause symptoms.</div>
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Diaz and other Kimmel Cancer Center researchers are working on new tests that detect abnormal DNA shed by cancer cells into blood and body fluids and have the ability to find cancers before they cause any symptoms. Approaches like this could lead to a broad-based screening test for cancer.</div>
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Tests like these also are being used to detect cancer recurrences and malignant cells left behind following surgery, and can find cancers that are not detectable under the microscope or in x-rays.</div>
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Other researchers are studying cancer stem cells. They are stealth cells that make up just a tiny fraction of a tumor. While small in number, investigators believe they may be the cells that drive certain cancers and lead to cancer recurrence. Therapies that target these cells are now being tested in <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/research_clinical_trials/clinical_trials/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="clinical trials johns hopkins">clinical trials.</a></div>
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A team of our breast cancer researchers has developed a method that could make it possible to detect breast cancer from the DNA contained in a single drop of blood.</div>
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But, while evasive cancer cells are a challenge and the focus of ongoing research, it does not mean, as the email contends, that all patients, even those treated successfully for cancer, have cancers-in-waiting—undetectable but still there. People are treated and completely cured of cancer everyday.<br />
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<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/cancer_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html#top" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top of page</em></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="strong immune system" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: A Strong Immune System Destroys Cancer</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.45em; margin-top: 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> When it comes to cancer and the immune system, it is not a matter of strong or weak as the fictional report contends, but rather an issue of recognition. "The immune system simply does not recognize cancer. In its complexity, the cancer cell has learned to disguise itself to the immune system as a normal, healthy cell. Cells infected with viruses or bacteria send out danger signals setting the immune system in action. But cancer cells do not, explains <a href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0004285/elizabeth-jaffee" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Elizabeth Jaffee">Elizabeth Jaffee</a>, co-director of cancer immunology and leading expert on cancer and the immune system." By deciphering the methods cancer cells use to make them invisible to the immune system, Jaffee and team have developed cancer vaccines that have successfully triggered immune reactions against prostate cancer, <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/pancreatic_cancer/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a>, <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/leukemia_program/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>, and <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/types_cancer/multiple_myeloma.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/cancer_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html#" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top of page</em></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="nutritional deficiencies" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Cancer is caused by Nutritional Deficiencies and Supplements Will Correct Them</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.45em; margin-top: 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth</strong>: Dietary habits and lifestyle choices, such as smoking, contribute to the development of many human cancers, says Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center director <a href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0003578/William-George-Nelson%20V-MD" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="William Nelson">William Nelson</a>. Our experts recommend a balanced diet as a way of reducing cancer risk. In terms of supplements, Nelson points out that while they may help mediate vitamin deficiencies, taking doses above what the body needs provides no added benefit.<br />
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<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/cancer_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html#" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top of page</em></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="chemotherapy" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Harms Normal Cells. Surgery Causes Cancer to Spread</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.45em; margin-top: 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> Chemotherapy and radiation therapy kills cancer cells with remarkable selectivity, says Nelson. There are some temporary and reversible side effects common to cancer therapies, including hair loss and low blood counts. Limiting and managing these side effects is an integral part of treatment.</div>
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Surgery is the first line of treatment for many types of cancer. It does not cause cancer to spread. Cancers spread to other tissues and organs as a tumor progresses and cancer cells break away from the original tumor and travel through the bloodstream to other body sites.<br />
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<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/cancer_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html#" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Back to top of page</em></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="foods" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Cancers Feed on Certain Foods</h2>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> The premise is that cancer cells feed on certain foods, and if a person refrains from eating these foods, the cancer will die. According to our experts, a poor diet and obesity associated with a poor diet is a risk factor for the development of cancer. However, there is no evidence that certain foods alter the environment of an existing cancer, at the cellular level, and cause it to either die or grow.</div>
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While there is such a thing as tumors that produce mucus, the mucus made by a tumor does not result from drinking milk. And, eating less meat, while a good choice for cancer prevention, does not free up enzymes to attack cancer cells, explains cancer prevention and control expert <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/6131602/elizabeth-platz" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Elizabeth Platz">Elizabeth Platz.</a></div>
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Moderation is key, says Platz. As part of a balanced diet, sugar, salt, milk, coffee, tea, meat, and chocolate—the foods the “Update” calls into question—are all safe choices, she says. The real concern with many of these, particularly sugar, is that it adds calories to a diet and can lead to obesity, and obesity is a major risk factor for cancer. A balanced nutritious diet, healthy weight, physical activity, and avoiding alcoholic drinks may prevent as many as 1/3 of all cancers. Platz recommends eating at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day and limiting red and processed meats, like hot dogs.</div>
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Several Johns Hopkins experts participated in the World Cancer Research Fund - American Institute for Cancer Research report <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective</em>, published in November 2007, which is considered by cancer prevention experts to be an authoritative source of information on diet, physical activity and cancer. Their recommendations for cancer prevention and for good health in general are:</div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.5px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Be physically active for at least 30 minutes every day.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of energy-dense foods (particularly processed foods high in added sugar, or low in fiber, or high in fat).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes such as beans.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Limit consumption of red meats (such as beef, pork and lamb) and avoid processed meats.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 for men and 1 for women a day.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Don't use supplements to protect against cancer.</li>
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Our experts recommend that people meet their nutritional needs through their food choices. While vitamin supplements can be helpful in people with nutritional deficiencies, evidence suggests that supplementation above what the body can use provides no added health benefit.<br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="mind and body" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Cancer is a Disease of Mind, Body, and Spirit</h2>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> Cancer is a disease caused by genetic alterations. Many times, these alterations occur through our own behaviors—cigarette smoking, a poor and unbalanced diet, virus exposures, and sunburns, says cancer prevention and control expert <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/8049385/john-groopman" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="John Groopman">John Groopman</a>. </div>
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How stress, faith, and other factors influence this is largely unknown. We would like people to be happy, loving, and stress free, simply because it is a nice way to live and can contribute to an overall feeling of well being, says Platz. There is no evidence, however, that a person prevents or causes cancer based on his or her state of mind.</div>
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Still, we understand that a cancer diagnosis can make patients and families feel stressed and anxious, and these are not pleasant feelings. So, we offer extensive <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/patient_information/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Patient and Family Services">patient and family services</a>, including a <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/patient_information/patient_support_and_services/support_services_counseling.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Counseling Center">cancer counseling center</a>, <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/palliative_care_pain/" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Palliative Care">pain and palliative care program</a>, <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/patient_information/patient_support_and_services/spiritual_support.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Spiritual Services">chaplain services and a meditation chapel</a>, an <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/image_recovery/index.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Image Recovery">image recovery center</a>, and the <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/art_of_healing.html" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Art of Healing">Art of Healing art and music program</a>.</div>
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Read more about Cancer Genetics in <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/publications/promise_progress/A_Cancer_Revolution/A_Genetic_Revolution" style="border: 0px; color: purple; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="A Genetic Revolution"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"A Genetic Revolution"</em></a></em><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Oxygen" style="border: 0px; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>The Hoax: Oxygen Kills Cancer Cells</h2>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> Platz recommends regular exercise as a part of any healthy lifestyle, but says there is no evidence that breathing deeply or receiving oxygen therapy prevents cancer.</div>
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On its Web site, the American Cancer Society includes the following statement about oxygen therapy, “Available scientific evidence does not support claims that putting oxygen-releasing chemicals into a person's body is effective in treating cancer. It may even be dangerous. There have been reports of patient deaths from this method.”</div>
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Please pass this information on to family and friends.</div>
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The Hoax: An Acid Body is a Magnet for Sickness</h2>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The hoax:</strong> An acid body is a magnet for sickness, disease, cancer and aging. Eating more alkaline foods helps shift your body's pH and oxygenates your system. Alkaline foods keep your body healthy and functioning correctly, preventing and combating cancer.”</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Truth:</strong> Our experts say that, in general, the answer is no. There aren't acid bodies and alkaline bodies. Blood pH is tightly regulated. However, when people are really sick, they may no longer be able to regulate their blood pH. I have included a few other reputable sources below that also list this contention.</div>
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<span style="color: #4a4a4a; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14.5px;">https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/news_events/featured/cancer_update_email_it_is_a_hoax.html</span></span></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-7398500924094957432018-03-28T09:43:00.000+03:002018-03-28T09:43:03.479+03:00These 19 foods are natural remedies that can be used to alleviate many types of pain. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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People take a lot of pills today. And sometimes that's ok. But using too many painkillers can really cause damage to your body. So, if your pain is mild to moderate, you should know that nature has provided us with quite a number of natural painkillers. These 19 foods are natural remedies that can be used to alleviate many types of pain. </div>
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Muscle Pain – Ginger<br />Danish researchers found that regular consumption of ginger could reduce chronic muscle and joint pain, as well as swelling and stiffness within just a couple of months. The credit goes to the main ingredient in ginger – Gingerol, which inhibits the production of pain-inducing hormones. A teaspoon of dried ginger or 2 teaspoons of fresh ginger every day will do the trick. </div>
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Toothaches – Cloves<br />Powdered cloves are a known home remedy for toothaches and gingivitis. Furthermore, a recent research from the University of California proved it scientifically by isolating the active ingredient that reduces the pain. It is an organic compound called eugenol – a powerful natural anesthetic. ¼ teaspoon every day will help keep your heart healthy, and scientists are saying that it also aids in stabilizing blood-sugar levels and even starts lowering cholesterol levels within three weeks. </div>
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Acid Reflux – Apple Cider Vinegar<br />If heartburn constantly plagues you, you can stop it with apple cider vinegar. The active ingredients in the vinegar that treat reflux are malic acid and tartaric acid, which quicken digestion and help your body break down fats and proteins. Faster digestion means fewer chances for the stomach to overflow with acids, causing the reflux. By adding just a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar to a cup of water before every meal can prevent acid reflux within 24 hours. </div>
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Earache – Garlic<br />Often referred to as “nature’s antibiotics”, garlic indeed possesses powerful anti-inflammatory qualities. Experts from the Mexico School of Medicine claim that applying two drops of warm garlic oil into the ear can cure an ear infection in five days. Garlic contains minerals such as selenium, germanium and sulfur, which are all very toxic to most kinds of bacteria. To make your own garlic oil, slowly cook (do not boil) three garlic cloves in half a cup of olive oil for two minutes. Filter the oil and use it as instructed (make sure it’s not too hot). The oil can keep for up to two weeks in the fridge. </div>
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Headaches and join pains – Cherries<br />Michigan State University found that the daily consumption of a bowl of cherries is highly beneficial for people who suffer from headaches and various joint inflammations. Anthocyanin is the pigment that gives cherries their bright red color. It is also a powerful anti-inflammatory, ten times more powerful than ibuprofen or aspirin. Anthocyanin actively paralyzes the enzymes that cause tissue inflammation, making cherries the perfect treatment. Eating about 20 cherries every day will do the trick.<br /><br />PMS – Yogurt<br />80% of women suffer from PMS-related pain before and during their periods. The reason for the pain is the nervous system’s sensitivity to the changes in estrogen and progesterone levels. A study conducted at Columbia University found that eating two servings of yogurt daily can reduce the intensity of PMS pain by almost 50%. Yogurt is rich in calcium, a mineral that naturally soothes the nervous system, thus preventing painful symptoms despite the hormonal changes. </div>
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Chronic Pains – Turmeric </div>
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Turmeric was found to be three times more powerful than ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen. Researchers from Cornell University found that turmeric can heal up to 50% of people suffering from arthritis and fibromyalgia. The active ingredient in turmeric – curcumin, paralyzes the enzyme that causes serial pain. A ¼ teaspoon of turmeric every day will reduce your chronic pain considerably. </div>
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Endometriosis – Oats </div>
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When the tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus, it may cause a severe and painful inflammation that drags on long after the end of the period. Luckily, an oats-rich diet can reduce up to 60% of the pain within six months. The reason is that oats don’t contain gluten, which can induce inflammation in many women.</div>
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Ingrown Toenails and Toothaches – Salt<br />An ingrown toenail is a common ailment that affects millions of people around the world. Luckily, it’s easily treatable by using salt-water. Stanford University researchers found that soaking your feet in salt water can heal ingrown-related infections in just four days. Salt is antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. To make use of its benefits, add just a teaspoon to a cup of warm water, and then add it to your foot bath to use twice a day until the infection is gone. Additionally, dentists recommend gargling with salt water to treat and prevent gingivitis. Doing this can also help when you’re suffering from a throat infection.</div>
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Indigesti on – Pineapple<br />Pineapples are a delicious tropical fruit that are rich in protein-breaking enzymes. These enzymes help the body with the digestion processes, speeding it up and reducing stomach pains that come from gas buildups. Researchers at Stanford University found that one cup of fresh pineapple every day can treat pain caused by gas within 72 hours. </div>
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Muscle Pains – Mint<br />Cramped muscles can be painful for months, especially if they originate from incorrect posture or reoccurring overexertion. A hot bath with ten drops of mint oil, three times a week, is 25% more effective than prescription drugs. The hot water helps relax and loosen the muscles while the mint oil soothes the aching nervous system. Such treatment will also help reduce the frequency of future pain.</div>
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Backaches – Grapes<br />In a study conducted at the University of Ohio, researchers found that one cup of fresh grapes per day can help improve blood flow to the damaged tissue in the back, sometimes within as little as three hours. The spine is highly dependent on the nutrients and oxygen in the blood, making eating grapes a highly beneficial act.</div>
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<br />Good old H2O – we need it to survive, but researchers at Manhattan College in New York found that water can also ease pain from injuries. When body tissue is damaged, it produces a chemical compound called histamine, which causes pain. Water dilutes the amounts of histamine in the blood, thus effectively reducing the level of pain. Water is also essential for the health of the cartilage tissue between our bones, as well as lubricating our joints and the soft tissue in our spine. A well-hydrated body is a well-lubricated machine, which prevents joint pains. Doctors recommend drinking 8 cups of water per day. </div>
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Sinus Pain – Horseradish<br />Sinusitis is a chronic disease that affects many people. It is effectively a state of infection of the cavities in the skull. Sinusitis causes severe headaches, face pains and can even hinder breathing. German researchers discovered that horseradish can increase the blood flow to the sinuses, decongesting them and draining any obstructions that may cause the infection. Eat a teaspoon of horseradish every day until your symptoms are gone. </div>
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Oral Infections – Honey<br />Experts from the Dubai Center for Health recommend treating mouth sores, cold sores and other oral infections with honey. Honey contains anti-inflammatory enzymes that destroy viruses and speed up the healing process. To effectively treat such sores, it is recommended that you apply unpasteurized honey directly onto the wounds four times a day. The healing process will take 43% less time compared to OTC ointments and creams. </div>
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Chest Pains – FlaxSeeds<br />Flaxseeds contain phytoestrogen, a compound that prevents changes in estrogen levels that cause some women pain. All you need to do is to add three tablespoons of flaxseeds to your daily diet. This should help with the pain within 12 weeks. </div>
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Migraines – Coffee<br />People suffering from chronic headaches or migraines can benefit from drinking coffee. Caffeine improves the stomach lining's ability to absorb medication, increasing its effectiveness by up to 40%. If you’re taking headache medication – take it with a cup of coffee. Cramped Muscles – </div>
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Tomato Juice<br />Our muscles tend to cramp when our bodies don’t have enough potassium. Diuretics or excessive sweating can cause potassium deficiency. Potassium is a mineral that is essential to our muscles’ health. A study conducted by the University of California found that drinking one cup of tomato juice every day can help ease cramped muscles and prevent future occurrences, thanks to the high levels of potassium in it.</div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-67379740668090557472018-03-26T14:33:00.001+03:002018-03-26T14:33:36.499+03:00International Seabed Authority: Seabed Mining: Council President Olav Myklebust <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF ISA 24 (PART I)</span></span></b></strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">“The world is watching and we have to deliver.” This opening remark by incoming Council President Olav <span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">Myklebust</span> (Norway) made reference to the highest-profile issue on the agenda of the International Seabed Authority (ISA): the draft regulations for deep-seabed mining. The Council was tasked to consider the regulations together with Member States’ and stakeholders’ comments submitted in 2017 on the current draft, as summarized and thematically grouped in a note issued by the Secretariat. Even before arriving in Kingston, very few participants doubted that the “draft <span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">regs</span>” would dominate discussions, given their role in unlocking the flow of monetary benefits into the ISA. Equally, quite a few Member States and stakeholders saw this meeting as an opportunity to ensure that the “<span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">regs</span>” put in place the necessary environmental safeguards for a risky activity in the least known global ecosystem: the deep sea.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">This brief analysis will assess progress in developing the “building blocks” of the draft regulations, and the priorities identified by the Council in moving forward in the context of the Authority’s transition towards assuming the role of “regulator” of mining activities in the deep seabed.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<em><b><i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">MANAGING COMPLEXITY IN THE EARTH’S LAST FRONTIER: THE DEEP SEA</span></span></i></b></em><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The exploitation regulations have to “deliver big” in terms of detailing the rights, responsibilities, and obligations needed to manage the transition from exploration (assessing the mineral potential) to commercial exploitation of deep-seabed minerals. The ISA will have to operationalize the concept of the common heritage by regulating all aspects of commercial mining activities in the Area, providing a level-playing field for contractors and sponsoring states, while safeguarding the marine environment. To accelerate progress, the Council opted for an informal format for discussions on the draft regulations. Instead of negotiating a formal decision binding on the Legal and Technical Commission (LTC), the output was a President’s statement with guidance to the LTC. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Several delegations felt that this approach allowed a frank and more interactive exchange of views, rather than a search for common ground at this early stage in the development of the regulations. In addition, this format facilitated greater understanding of the multi-layered complexity of exploitation.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">One of the biggest challenges is certainly the operationalization of the concept of common heritage itself―a legal construct from another era, the brainchild of the New International Economic Order and the efforts to balance power after decolonization and during the Cold War. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), however, provides scant details on how to put it in practice. To bring it to life, the complexities surrounding the economics of deep-seabed mining operations need to be addressed, as well as the scientific and legal complexities around the roles and responsibilities of contractors, sponsoring states, and ISA organs to regulate sustainable mining in fragile oceanic ecosystems.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<em><b><i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">EXPLORING THE ECONOMICS OF DEEP-SEABED MINING</span></span></i></b></em><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Following up on past recommendations to engage more with the scientific community to bring in additional expertise, Richard Roth from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was invited to deliver to the Council what many delegates found an informative and engaging presentation. Roth described an independent financial model prepared for the LTC’s consideration with a view to explaining the costs, risks, and advantages of different economic options.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Addressing solely polymetallic nodules, Roth’s presentation on possible sources of revenues and various sources of uncertainty was carefully crafted to address an audience of non-economists. Nevertheless, “familiarity with basic economic concepts is certainly needed to effectively participate in these discussions,” commented a negotiator. “Some key notions were not addressed in detail in the presentation, such as upfront capital expenses (CAPEX) and ongoing operational ones (OPEX), revenue accumulation, and price volatility. But these parameters will be decisive for the commercial viability of deep-seabed mining activities.” As Roth reminded participants, “investors will only take on a project if discounted future revenues are large enough to provide a return on their investment that is competitive with other investment opportunities.”<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A further basic reality in investment practices to keep in mind, according to another expert, is that the higher the level of risk, the higher the rates of return for any given project would have to be to attract the required capital. And this is even more crucial for commercial deep-seabed mining, which is an activity never practiced before at the envisaged scale with unprecedented technological risks. “So, if we follow the traditional economic theory presented in the Council, a higher rate of return would be required to compensate for these increased risks,” commented a participant.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">One of the main policy choices brought to the Council’s attention by Roth was on the different options for revenue sharing between contractors and the Authority as the guardian of the common heritage. As explained, the simplest option would be a mass-based model, where a certain amount of money would be paid per dry ton of nodule removed from the seabed. The relevant calculations for the applicable rates, albeit not trivial, are relatively straightforward and include the mass of nodules removed from the seabed and the rate of return required by investors. While this option provides certainty, since the revenue is calculated on the basis of nodule quantity upon extraction, it does not take into account the metals’ price, leaving no space for additional benefits for the common heritage in cases where the gross revenues of the private enterprises grow.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Price is, however, factored into the other two options: a revenue-based model, which was also referred to as “<em><i><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">ad valorem</span></span></i></em>” or “royalty-based” during the negotiations (creating confusion among the initiated participants); or a profit-based model that also takes into account costs. While both of these options allow consideration of additional parameters, like price volatility or profitability, they also have disadvantages. They are much more complex, as they require more data, common rules for calculating profitability, depreciation schedules and rates, as well as reporting and monitoring exercises. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">They further necessitate more forecasting and, consequently, generate more uncertainty. Of the last two mechanisms, a workshop on the draft <span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">regs</span> held in London in February underscored that the profit-based model may be unrealistic due to the fact that contractors will have to share data on profits, but such data and profit calculations are usually subject to varying business practices, which may raise transparency issues. Additionally, during the Council meeting, Roth also commented that the profit-based model raises more challenges in terms of monitoring, since contractors would have an incentive to under-report profitability with a view to paying a lower share to the ISA.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> These considerations may explain why several states expressed a preference for considering hybrid options.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">While forecasting models can provide strong insights, they do not deliver definitive answers. As Roth reminded the Council, “even the most sophisticated statistical analysis can only capture past behavior and does not address structural changes on the supply and demand sides.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">On challenges ahead, Roth did not hesitate to lay down the inherent limitations of his scientific advice on this economic endeavor: when asked about “how much of the common heritage should be utilized and for how much money,” he responded, “this is not a question you want a natural resource economist to answer.” In addition, as Roth clarified following a question from the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, the model prepared by MIT did not take into account environmental externalities and the valuation of ecosystem services. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">As a senior participant with a background in economics noted, “While these environmental concerns are valid and of utmost importance, trying to incorporate them in an economic forecast model is adding further uncertain parameters and is not going to make our results any more certain.” Yet, as several delegations, including Australia, Jamaica, Chile, and Germany, underscored repeatedly at this meeting, environmental concerns require much more consideration in the draft regulations.</span></div>
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<em><b><i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">HOW TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT?</span></span></i></b></em><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The discussion of the environmental dimension of the regulations, albeit compressed into less than a day, served to identify a few bases upon which to expand the regulations. Certain delegations, however, were caught by surprise on the final day of the session when they saw the outcome document issued by the President, which condensed environmental matters into a single and, for some, vague paragraph. As President <span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">Myklebust</span> only allowed two-minute interventions dedicated to any serious concern or gap in his draft, a series of record-speed interventions followed.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Many focused on the need to develop regional environmental management plans (REMPs), which has become a common refrain at ISA meetings. Pressure to deliver REMPs with regard to exploration areas has also been applied on the ISA by the UN General Assembly. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">While the Secretariat is hard-pressed to find extra resources to carry out these exercises, the role of REMPs in the context of the exploitation regulations remains unclear. At the closing of the Council meeting, although certain delegations reiterated the point that REMPs should play a “fundamental role” in the regulations, the outcome merely invites the LTC to assess the written comments put forward by Member States and stakeholders on this issue, with a view to making recommendations to the Council in July.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Additional concerns included the need to improve provisions on best environmental practices, best available technology, environmental monitoring, the coherence between preservation reference zones and impact reference zones, chemical emissions, and seabed deformation. According to a veteran, while these concerns may be remedied with appropriate interventions in the draft regulations, “a more fundamental debate needs to take place that will eventually determine the desired level of environmental protection.” As it was, once again, highlighted in a side-event organized by NGOs and marine scientists, the interactions between deep seabed minerals and the host and neighboring marine ecosystems are still vastly unknown, both in terms of their bioprospecting potential and their life-sustaining functions, like oxygen generation. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Against this additional uncertainty, regulators will have to decide whether to “err on the side of precaution or on the side of best available science.” A sponsoring-state delegate argued emphatically: “We should impose, at first, very high environmental standards to deal with increased uncertainty. These standards may be progressively lowered as science advances.” But different views emerged on this underlying issue in the final minutes of the Council meeting, with some delegations emphasizing the importance to develop “commercially viable” regulations, and others prioritizing “technically, scientifically, and environmentally viable” ones. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">What this choice arguably boils down to, according to an insider, is the uncomfortable fact that stricter environmental regulations increase upfront costs and reduce the margin for monetary benefits. Another long-standing participant, however, reasoned that UNCLOS calls for the “effective protection” of the marine environment because this is undoubtedly to the benefit of humankind.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<em><b><i><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">TO BE CONTINUED…</span></span></i></b></em><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The number of uncertainties that the ISA Council and LTC have to face in developing the exploitation regulations is staggering. Limited knowledge on essential elements of deep sea marine ecosystems has direct consequences for economic valuations in case of environmental harm: bioprospecting potential may be forever lost, while some of the functions currently performed by these ecosystems may prove costly or impossible to replace. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">The economic side is not uncertainty-free either.</span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">In fact, it is quite the opposite, if one takes into account price volatilities, profit-computation problems, or other uncertainties of economic models. And this does not even take into consideration the complexity of determining how monetary benefits will be shared equitably, which is a separate decision-making process, at even an earlier stage under the Finance Committee.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">While it is unlikely that the second part of this session of the ISA in July 2018 will entertain substantive discussions on benefit-sharing, it is expected that the Council will still have its plate full with revised financial models, possibly also for the other two minerals under the ISA’s jurisdiction (cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic <span class="m_-1373973616651690689SpellE">sulphides</span>).</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In addition, the Council will receive from the LTC a revised set of regulations, as well as a note identifying matters that require further study and a request for further guidance from the Council on certain issues. The requests for Council guidance, according to an observer, will be the “right place” to initiate a substantive discussion on REMPs. For its part, the Assembly will consider a draft Strategic Plan for 2019-2023, the first version of which was presented at a side-event during the Council meeting and will soon be made available for stakeholder comments.<u></u><u></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Already thinking ahead to the second part of this annual session, a delegate pondered: “The draft strategy aims to frame the role of the Authority in a changed world. But other than relating existing obligations to the Sustainable Development Goals, can it also indicate more clearly how the regime will benefit the interest of present and future generations?”</span></span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://enb.iisd.org/download/pdf/enb25157e.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1522145666065000&usg=AFQjCNGx5orZGRy6YCP9netv1_LlYkFSpA" href="http://enb.iisd.org/download/pdf/enb25157e.pdf" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #2ac3ed;">http://enb.iisd.org/<wbr></wbr>download/pdf/enb25157e.pdf</span></a></span></span></b></strong><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center;"> </span></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-20644478963930937452018-03-26T14:17:00.000+03:002019-04-11T12:14:06.560+03:00KENYA TOTAL POPULATION 2017<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="temas--tema-selecionado--container" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; color: #607d8b; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding: 15px 0px 0px;">
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Population</h3>
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<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--container" style="background-color: white; color: #607d8b; font-family: sans-serif;">
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<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Average annual population growth rate</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">2,654 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">%</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
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<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Gross birth rate</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">36 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">per 1,000</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
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<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Gross mortality rate</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">8 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">per 1,000</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Men</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">23,016,937 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">inhabitants</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Population density</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">80.9 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">inhab/km²</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Resident population in rural areas</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">74.8 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">%</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Resident population in urban areas</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">25.2 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">%</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Total population</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">46,050,302 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">inhabitants</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li _ngcontent-vjn-13="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(207, 216, 220); border-top: none; margin: 0px; padding: 18px 0px;"><div _ngcontent-vjn-13="">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-g" style="align-content: flex-start; display: -webkit-flex; flex-flow: row wrap; font-family: FreeSans, Arimo, "Droid Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -0.31em; text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 dados--tabela--indicador pure-u-md-2-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; padding-bottom: 0px; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 547.188px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
Women</div>
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-1-3" style="display: inline-block; font-family: sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; text-rendering: auto; vertical-align: top; width: 273.578px; word-spacing: normal; zoom: 1;">
<div _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--valor" style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<span _ngcontent-vjn-13="">23,033,365 </span><span _ngcontent-vjn-13="" class="dados--tabela--unidade">inhabitants</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-24806410942938627032018-01-11T22:30:00.000+03:002018-01-11T22:30:02.189+03:00‘The Planet Can’t Keep Doing Us A Favour’<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2347&mailid=227&subid=9447" name="CAMaLNptHvvxxXLrMuXSoDVkX4ZeStUjjSr54Vhy-pdtc6uEaAg@mail.gmail.com_13ef00468a7b9671_content-734" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><h2 style="border: 0px; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, Arial; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.1em; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px;">
‘The Planet Can’t Keep Doing Us A Favour’</h2>
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By David Cromwell</div>
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Sometimes we get so sick of the phrase 'history in the making' that the brain tends to switch off. What is it this time?, we sigh. A new high-tech piece of military technology that will <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2348&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">boost US killing power</a>? A big jump in a newspaper's <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2349&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">online advertising revenue</a>? The world's best footballer, <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2350&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Lionel Messi</a>, joining 'an exclusive list of adidas athletes to have their own signature product'? Sometimes the 'history' in question only stretches back a few years, maybe a century or two. Only very occasionally, if the claim is truly deserved, does it strech back to the earliest era of written records.</div>
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But now, with humanity's huge impact on the planet's climate becoming ever clearer, we need to go back several million years. Because climate-related news of history being made are about the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub>) reaching <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2351&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">400 parts per million</a> (ppm). The last time CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub> was <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2352&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">this high</a> was probably 4.5 million years ago, before modern humans even existed.</div>
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Throughout recorded history, up till the Industrial Revolution, CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub> was much lower at around 280 ppm. But large-scale industrial and agricultural activity since then has seen humanity profoundly alter the make-up of the atmosphere and even the stability of Earth's climate.</div>
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'We are creating a prehistoric climate in which human societies will face huge and potentially catastrophic risks,' <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2353&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">said </a>Bob Ward, policy director at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change at the London School of Economics.</div>
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According to Bob Watson, former chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and former UK government chief scientific adviser:</div>
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'the world is now most likely committed to an increase in surface temperature of 3C-5C compared to pre-industrial times.'</div>
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As Damian Carrington <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2353&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">noted </a>in the Guardian, even just 2C is regarded as 'the level beyond which catastrophic warming is thought to become unstoppable.' But social scientist Chris Shaw has warned that even the notion of a single 'safe' global temperature rise is dangerous. He <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2354&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">observes </a>that:</div>
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'falsely ascribing a scientifically derived dangerous limit to climate change diverts attention away from questions about the political and social order that have given rise to the crisis.' </div>
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But for the corporate media, such questions are essentially <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2355&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">taboo</a>, and the global corporate and financial juggernaut, driven by <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2168&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">the demands of capital</a>, shows no sign of slowing down. Scientists calculate that humans pumped around 10.4 billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere in 2011, the most recent year analysed. A <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em> news article <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2351&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">reports</a>:</div>
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'About half of that is taken up each year by carbon "sinks" such as the ocean and vegetation on land; the rest remains in the atmosphere and raises the global concentration of CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub>.'</div>
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'The real question now', says environmental scientist Gregg Marland from Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina , 'is how will the sinks behave in the future?' And biogeochemist Jim White at the University of Colorado in Boulder warns:</div>
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'At some point the planet can't keep doing us a favour.'</div>
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In other words, the ability of the planet's natural carbon 'sinks' to soak up humanity's CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub> emissions will diminish, and the atmospheric concentration of CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub> will rise at an increasing rate. What is so dangerous about climate change is not just the high level of CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub> today, but the speed at which it is increasing. In other words, climate change is <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">accelerating</em>.</div>
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Brian Hoskins, a leading climate scientist based at Imperial College, London, <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2356&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">says</a>:</div>
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'To me the striking fact is that human activity has already driven the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to a level more than 40 per cent above the maximum levels it had during the previous million years, and it is going to stay at least this high for thousands of years into the future.'</div>
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The very real risk of <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2357&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">climate calamity</a> will not be going away for some considerable time.</div>
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'It Is Irresponsible Not To Mention Climate Change'</h2>
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On 20 May, a <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2379&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">devastating tornado</a> hit Moore, a suburb of Oklahoma City, and killed at least 24 people, including nine children, injured around 240 people, and destroyed hundreds of homes and shops, two schools and a hospital. It is not yet clear what the <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2389&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">impact of global warming</a> might be on tornadoes. A warmer climate may mean there is more moisture in the atmosphere and therefore more thunderstorms and tornadoes, says Richard Betts, head of climate impacts at the UK's Met Office:</div>
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'But on the other hand, you might get changes in high-level winds which could decrease tornadoes. So it literally could be either way. We don't know.' (Pilita Clark, Environment Correspondent, 'Scientists inconclusive about climate change impact on tornadoes', Financial Times, May 21, 2013; <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2381&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">article </a>behind paywall)</div>
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Michael Mann, a climatologist at Pennsylvania State University, agrees it's 'too early to tell' the impact of global warming on tornadoes, although he <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2382&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">added</a>:</div>
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'you'd probably go with a prediction of greater frequency and intensity of tornadoes as a result of human-caused climate change.'</div>
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For now, at least, it is not possible to directly attribute a particular tornado, even a large one like the Oklahoma event, to global warming. As Kevin Trenberth, head of the Climate Analysis Section of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2383&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">told </a>the <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">New York Times</em> in 2010:</div>
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'It's not the right question to ask if this storm or that storm is due to global warming, or is it natural variability. Nowadays, there's always an element of both.'</div>
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Moreover, as science writer Joe Romm <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2384&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">notes</a>:</div>
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'When discussing extreme weather and climate, tornadoes should not be conflated with the other extreme weather events for which the connection is considerably more straightforward and <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2385&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">better documented</a>, including deluges, droughts, and heat waves.'</div>
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However, he also adds:</div>
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'Just because the tornado-warming link is more tenuous doesn't mean that the subject of global warming should be avoided entirely when talking about tornadoes.'</div>
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In 2011, after a record series of tornadoes in the US, Trenberth had <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2386&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">told </a>Romm:</div>
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'It is irresponsible not to mention climate change. ... The environment in which all of these storms and the tornadoes are occurring has changed from human influences (global warming).' </div>
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In the wake of the deaths and devastation wreaked by the Oklahoma tornado, Romm has <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2389&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">revisited </a>the scientific evidence on global warming and tornadoes, and again highlights Trenberth's remark above.</div>
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But on the main BBC News television programmes, science correspondent David Shukman <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2387&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">brushed </a>the topic away:</div>
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'Tornadoes are nothing new. And so far there's no evidence that over the past century that climate change is causing more of them.'</div>
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There was only the briefest mention of climate change, then, by the BBC, and nothing was heard on the main television news programmes from any of the climate scientists who, as noted above, believe there could be a link with global warming. This is standard treatment. The reluctance or inability of BBC News to discuss fully and responsibly the seriousness of global warming, even when reporting related issues such as energy and industry, is something we noted in an <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2388&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">alert </a>earlier this year.</div>
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'Deniers Want The Public To Be Confused'</h2>
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But sometimes luck simply runs out for high-profile, highly-paid journalists performing their clunking impressions of 'balanced' journalism. This was the fate that befell Sarah Montague of the much-vaunted BBC Radio 4 Today programme when she <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2358&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">interviewed </a>James Hansen on May 17. Hansen, the former senior Nasa climate scientist who first warned the world about catastrophic climate change in 1988, corrected the BBC interviewer when she said in her introduction that the global average temperature had not changed in two decades.</div>
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'Well, I should correct what you just said. It's not true that the temperature has not changed in two decades.'</div>
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The BBC interviewer blundered on:</div>
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'But there was a suggestion that we should have been expecting 0.2 of a degree and it has ...'</div>
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Hansen interjected:</div>
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'No. If you look over a 30 or 40-year period then the expected warming is about two-tenths of a degree per decade. But that doesn't mean that each decade is going to warm two-tenths of a degree. There's too much natural variability.'</div>
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Hansen continued:</div>
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'In addition, China and India have been pumping out aerosols by burning more and more coal. So you get from that, not only CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub>, but also these particles that reflect sunlight and reduce the heating of the Earth. So [...] it's a complicated system, but there's no change at all in our understanding of climate sensitivity [to rising levels of CO<sub style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sub>] and where the climate is headed.'</div>
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He was clear that the suggestion that global warming has stalled is 'a diversionary tactic' by deniers of the science. <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2359&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Why </a>are they doing this?</div>
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'It's because the deniers want the public to be confused. They raise these minor issues and then we forget about what the main story is. The main story is carbon dioxide is going up and it is going to produce a climate which is going to have dramatic changes if we don't begin to reduce our emissions.'</div>
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The interview was an all-too-rare instance of a BBC journalist being confronted by someone who really knew what they were talking about on a vital issue for humanity, and able to put it across in a calm and articulate way that listeners could easily understand. It's not the first time the BBC Today programme has been <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1466&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">caught out of its depth</a> on climate science.</div>
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The false 'balance' in climate journalism is heavily skewed by the supposed need to share time between climate science and climate science denial. This is irrational 'journalism' by media professionals who have been seduced by a stubborn minority of people who 'refuse to accept that climate change is happening despite the overwhelming scientific evidence', <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2393&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">notes </a>Ryan Koronowski. This minority, particularly in the United States, are fanatic about fanning the flames of doubt and are often in <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2361&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">powerful positions</a> in the political establishment. These climate science deniers are often also free-market ideologues. Koronowski, deputy editor of <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1971&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Climate Progess</a>, cites a recent study by researchers in Australia which found that:</div>
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'people who expressed faith in free-market ideology were also likely to reject [the] scientific consensus that climate change is happening and that burning fossil fuels helps to cause it.'</div>
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Perhaps unsurprisingly, the study also showed that irrational scepticism towards scientific evidence extended beyond climate change:</div>
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'Endorsement of free markets also predicted the rejection of other established scientific findings, such as the facts that HIV causes AIDS and that smoking causes lung cancer.'</div>
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Indeed, there is a long and shameful history of corporate disinformation and rearguard campaigns of deception to deny science. (See, for example, Andrew Rowell, <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2362&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Green Backlash</a></em>, Routledge, London, 1996; and Sharon Beder, <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1140&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Global Spin</a></em>, Green Books, Totnes, 1997.)</div>
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For many years now, there has been an overwhelming scientific consensus on climate change. A <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2363&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">new survey</a> of more than 4,000 peer-reviewed papers showed that 97.1% agreed that humans are causing climate change. Suzanne Goldenberg <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2364&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">reported </a>on the Guardian website that:</div>
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'[The] finding of near unanimity provided a powerful rebuttal to climate contrarians who insist the science of climate change remains unsettled.'</div>
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Moreover:</div>
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'The study blamed strenuous lobbying efforts by industry to undermine the science behind climate change for the gap in perception. The resulting confusion has blocked efforts to act on climate change.'</div>
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This corporate-led blocking strategy is particularly cruel, indeed <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2365&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">criminal </a>on a global scale, given the <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2366&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">catastrophic </a><a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1948&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">consequences </a>of continued carbon emissions.</div>
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<h2 style="border: 0px; color: #cc6600; font-size: 18.2px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 4px;">
The Pan-Tentacled, Wall-Eyed And Parrot-Beaked Global Kraken</h2>
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Political, military, industry and financial elites who take science seriously are well aware of the pressing reality of climate change, and worry about what it means for their global grip on power. Nafeez Ahmed <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2367&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">observes </a>that the US military is becoming 'increasingly concerned about the international and domestic security implications of climate change.' A US Department of Defense (DoD) document, published in February this year, warns that climate change will have 'significant geopolitical impacts around the world, contributing to greater competition for more limited and critical life-sustaining resources like food and water.' Climate change impacts will likely also act 'as accelerants of instability or conflict in parts of the world' and 'DoD will need to adjust to the impacts of climate change on its facilities, infrastructure, training and testing activities, and military capabilities.'</div>
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The US military's stance on climate change is, of course, not motivated out of a heartfelt wish to be a benefactor for humanity. As Ahmed points out:</div>
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'The primary goal of adaptation is to ensure that the US armed forces are "better prepared to effectively respond to climate change" as it happens, and "to ensure continued mission success" in military operations - rather than to prevent or mitigate climate change.'</div>
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The elite response to impending climate chaos extends to capitalism's endless drive to burn ever more dangerous quantities of fossil fuel, even to the extent of moving into the Arctic as the ice melts. Ahmed notes that the region likely holds a massive 25 per cent of the world's remaining undiscovered oil and gas reserves. Fossil fuel companies from the US, Russia, Canada, Norway and Denmark already have their eyes on this northern prize, 'sparking concerted efforts by these countries to <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2368&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">expand their Arctic military presence</a>.'</div>
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Methane hydrates lying beneath the Arctic permafrost and the seafloor are tantalisingly now within reach. An attempt by the Tokyo-based state oil company Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation to extract methane from far below the ocean 'shows promise': an odd way to describe a reckless operation that will further tip the balance in favour of climate instability. A <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em> news story, <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2369&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">'Japanese test coaxes fire from ice'</a>, blithely told readers:</div>
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'Reservoirs of methane hydrates — icy deposits in which methane molecules are trapped in a lattice of water — are thought to hold more energy than all other fossil fuels combined. The problem is extracting the methane economically from the deposits, which lie beneath Arctic permafrost and seafloor sediments. But some scientists and policy makers in energy-poor, coast-rich Japan hope that the reservoirs will become a crucial part of the country's energy profile.'</div>
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Methane is an even more potent global-warming gas than carbon dioxide. That a country's 'energy profile' may be pumped up by exploiting methane, even as the planet burns, is surely a form of societal madness. It's sad that the madness extends even to the most prestigious of scientific journals. A corporate-friendly <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em> editorial this month exhorted, <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2370&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">'Together we stand'</a>. Those are nice-sounding words. But they are an unfortunate echo of the well-known farcical refrain from the UK's discredited 'coalition' government: 'We're all in this together'. The propaganda phrase conveys a convenient myth of a shared society with shared aims: a real democracy, in other words.</div>
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The <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em> editorial springs from a similarly deluded mindset:</div>
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'Protecting the environment is an added cost that many politicians and business leaders would prefer to avoid. Not to bother makes things cheaper. And despite the rhetoric of environmental campaigners, that remains an uncomfortable truth, at least in terms of the climate problem. Carbon emissions are a hallmark of energy use — and it is cheap and available energy that has made the modern world.'</div>
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And perhaps destroyed it too. The blinkered editorial continues:</div>
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'The economic currency of gross domestic product, for so long used as a benchmark of a country's performance, could be tweaked to include social indicators and how well a country respects environmental criteria, such as the concept of planetary boundaries that should not be exceeded.'</div>
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The feeble call to 'tweak' social indicators, albeit to include 'the concept of planetary boundaries that should not be exceeded', is paltry indeed when <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em>'s editors cannot even acknowledge that powerful and destructive state-corporate forces are defending their 'right' to exploit the planet's resources and keep billions in poverty and servitude. The editors of <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Nature</em> give little sign that they comprehend the inherent unsustainability of global capitalism, and they seem oblivious to the scale of corporate obstructionism and decades-long disinformation campaigns to thwart substantive action on climate. (Again, for example, see the books by <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2362&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Rowell </a>and <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1140&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Beder</a>, as well as our own <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2182&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">books</a>.)</div>
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If the world's leading scientific publication has failed us, perhaps we could turn instead to writers such as <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1134&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Edward Abbey</a>. In his classic novel <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Monkey Wrench Gang</em>, Abbey powerfully and poetically rails against the corporate ravaging of the environment. In one vivid scene, the four titular protaganists overlook the devastation wreaked by a huge strip mine in Arizona:</div>
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'Their view from the knoll would be difficult to describe in any known terrestrial language. Bonnie thought of something like a Martian invasion, the War of the Worlds. Captain Smith was reminded of Kennecott's open-pit mine ("world's largest") near Magna, Utah. Dr. Sarvis thought of the plain of fire and of the oligarchs and oligopoly beyond: Peabody Coal only one arm of Anaconda Copper; Anaconda only a limb of United States Steel; U.S. Steel intertwined in incestuous embrace with the Pentagon, TVA, Standard Oil, General Dynamics, Dutch Shell, I.G. Farben-industrie; the whole conglomerated cartel spread out upon half the planet Earth like a global kraken, pan-tentacled, wall-eyed and parrot-beaked, its brain a bank of computer data centers, its blood the flow of money, its heart a radioactive dynamo, its language the technotronic monologue of number imprinted on magnetic tape.' (Edward Abbey, <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The Monkey Wrench Gang</em>, Avon Books, 1975/76, New York, p. 159)</div>
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Abbey memorably sums up the whole corporate-industrial-military system as 'a megalomaniacal megamachine.' The strong, image-laden language gives a hint of what humanity is up against. It is not a matter of 'tweaking' the system, or asking the megamachine to be nicer. It needs to be dismantled and replaced with a cooperative human society that is ecologically sustainable. A good start would be to <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2127&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">challenge </a>the corporate media that limits the possibility of even discussing alternatives to the <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2371&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">madness </a>of <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=2372&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">global capitalism</a>.</div>
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The second Media Lens book, 'NEWSPEAK in the 21st Century' by David Edwards and David Cromwell, was published in 2009 by Pluto Press. John Pilger writes of the book:</div>
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"Not since Orwell and Chomsky has perceived reality been so skilfully revealed in the cause of truth." Find it in the <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=53&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Media Lens Bookshop</a></div>
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In September 2012, Zero Books published <a href="http://www.medialens.org/index.php?option=com_acymailing&no_html=1&ctrl=url&urlid=1270&mailid=227&subid=9447" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #cc0066; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">'Why Are <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">We </em>The Good Guys?'</a> by David Cromwell. Mark Curtis, author of 'Web of Deceit' and 'Unpeople', says:</div>
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'This book is truly essential reading, focusing on one of the key issues, if not THE issue, of our age: how to recognise the deep, everyday brainwashing to which we are subjected, and how to escape from it. This book brilliantly exposes the extent of media disinformation, and does so in a compelling and engaging way.'</div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-19136828889368453312017-11-23T17:02:00.001+03:002017-11-23T17:02:04.950+03:00Zibambwe: Mnangagwa’s wealth, has allegedly been supplemented by illicit mine deals in the DRCCongo.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<blockquote class="yiv2109986770" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1511445102597_6313" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 1em;" type="cite">
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Reputedly ‘Zimbabwe’s richest’ man.</h2>
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Zanu-PF heir-in-waiting Emmerson Mnangagwa was a few years ago described as ‘Zimbabwe’s richest man’ by Wikileaks cables written by a US ambassador in 2001. The cables, however, shied away from estimating his wealth in numbers.</div>
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“Regarded as the wealthiest individual in Zimbabwe, Mnangagwa has close business links with Colonel Lionel Dyck, a white officer from the old Rhodesian army who founded Mine Tech, a landmine clearance company that secured lucrative contracts from the Zimbabwean government to clear landmines in Zimbabwe border areas after the war,” Wikipedia said in a post updated after Mnangagwa was appointed vice-president in December 2014.</div>
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Various sources, including Zimbabwean and UK media outlets, allege Mnangagwa made much of his money while he was secretary for finance in Zanu-PF.</div>
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This, according to the the United Nations Security Council reports in 2002 and 2003, was supplemented by his involvement as one of the illegal mineral exploiters in the Congo. The report named Mnangagwa<em class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;"> </em>in a long-standing United Nations investigation into the looting of the Congo’s mineral wealth.</div>
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The Wikileaks exposed lend credence to claims that as finance secretary, Mnangagwa controlled Zanu-PF’s octopus-like business empire spanning motor vehicles, duty-free shops, banking, airline catering, mining, retail, food processing, agriculture and manufacturing.</div>
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<a class="yiv2109986770" href="https://citizen.co.za/news/news-africa/1733111/why-mnangagwa-and-the-military-may-mean-more-bad-news-for-zimbabwe/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><span class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; font-weight: 700;">READ MORE: Why Mnangagwa and the army may mean more bad news for Zimbabwe</span></a></div>
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In the past, it was also reported Zanu-PF owned companies such as M&S Syndicate, Zidco Holdings and Zidlee Enterprises. In turn, the two companies reportedly owned stakes in FBC Bank, Lobels Bread, SMM Holdings, Catercraft and Tregers, among others.</div>
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Like most of Mugabe’s trusted lieutenants, he also allegedly seized a farm from a white owner called Koos Burger. Burger was forced to claim political asylum in the US due to death threats when he contested the seizure, the <a class="yiv2109986770" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank"><em class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">New Statesman</em></a> reported at the time. Zimbabwe media also previously reported that Mnangagwa previously seized the 1 600-hectare Sherwood farm in Kwe Kwe without compensating its white owner.</div>
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Reports carried by Zimnowmedia and an author named ‘Amelia Johnson’ indicated that Zanu-PF acting president Mnangagwa’s private interests include retailers Jaggers and Metropeech, farms and mines. It was also alleged a lot of his businesses are run in partnership with white, ex-Rhodesian businessmen.</div>
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In 2004, the Zanu-PF politburo launched an investigation into reported massive theft of party funds. Former army commander General Solomon Mujuru was appointed to lead the investigations. Before he could present his final report to the politburo, Mujuru died in a mysterious inferno that has been blamed on Mnangagwa.</div>
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Mnangagwa’s wealth was amassed while he earned an annual salary of $17 336 136 (about R243 304 000) as speaker of the Zimbabwean parliament, and reportedly also received $22 980 (about R322 460) representation allowances annually.</div>
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Zim’s ‘most corrupt official’ reportedly found with R140m cash, ‘owned 100 properties’</h1>
Gosebo Mathope<br class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><br class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" /><img alt="" class="yiv2109986770" height="232" id="yiv21099867700C4A5331-24FC-48F6-AC93-2F8EF5087BBF" src="https://dl-mail.ymail.com/ws/download/mailboxes/@.id==VjJ-zf3Dbpi1leg4KIWaFG1I1a8obspi6f5A74yMFS312TCndimyQIOrO2N20-4XbxcvUWhjIv2uHVC2R0Wv8Q9VgQ/messages/@.id==APsh3QoAAEjiWhbSAA36IKcKDBQ/content/parts/@.id==1.2.2/raw?appid=YahooMailNeo&ymreqid=e5855360-5fe8-3e2c-010f-ac0012010000&token=zitEzqOML3j84e6ealFTT5U7-km5qEQF52lp7AcCuBaK1Om5YdJhT9yW3Tch4qvS-QVaCGbVIbAxkPCpeIgfaCm2ynX_ckbrnzQDjOatb811JRII3JfseCCeXFOCk0M4" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; border: 0px;" width="350" /><br class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />Dr Ignatius Chombo. Facebook.<div class="yiv2109986770single-img" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">
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Former prime minister and MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai likened Chombo to a greedy baboon trying to grab every cob from a farmer’s maize field.</h2>
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An equivalent of one hundred and forty million rands in cold, hard cash. This is the amount Finance Minister Dr Ignatius Chombo was reportedly found with at his Harare home after the property was raided by the military last Wednesday.</div>
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According to <a class="yiv2109986770" href="http://newzimabwe.com/" rel="nofollow" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #196ad4; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;" target="_blank">NewZimabwe.com</a>, Chombo is regarded as one of President Robert Mugabe’s “most corrupt officials”. The unverified claim that Chombo had bags of cash at his plush home was made by independent Norton legislator Temba Mliswa in an interview with Al Jazeera.</div>
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The revelations that Chombo could have hoarded this much cash at home, understandably to avoid queuing with ordinary Zimbabweans as banks are battling to dispense cash at several ATMs in the capital city, came as no surprise.</div>
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Described by Zimbabwe Independent newspaper as “undistinguished scandal-prone minister”, allegations of Chombo’s staggering wealth amassed at the expense of ordinary Zimbabweans who are widely believed to survive on less than one US dollar a day (R14 at current exchange) first surfaced during an embarrassing divorce battle with his wife in 2010.</div>
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Further properties included two Bulawayo houses, a house at 18 Cuba Road in Mount Pleasant, a house at 45 Basset Crescent in Alexander Park, 2 Chetugu houses</div>
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The former college lecturer was embroiled in a bitter legal feud with ex-wife Marian Chombo, who told the Harare High Court she was entitled to half of the then home affairs minister’s assets. The sheer opulence of the estate left then prime minister and MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai aghast. He likened Chombo to a greedy baboon trying to grab every cob from a farmer’s maize field.</div>
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Through his lawyers, he claimed he “didn’t own 90%” of the properties listed by the <em class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Herald</em>, which quoted court papers submitted by his wife claiming he owned nearly 100 properties, 15 cars, trucks, safari camps and 10 companies.</div>
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Among the vehicles Mrs Chombo wanted to split between herself and her estranged husband, who comes from the same district as Robert Mugabe, included 4 Toyota Land Cruiser, 3 Mercedes-Benzes, 1 Mahindra, 2 Nissa Wolfs, 1 Toyota Vigo, 1 Mazada BT-50, 1 bus, 1 Nissan Hardbody and 1 Toyota Hilux.</div>
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Properties listed in court paper were as follows: two Glen View houses, two flats in Queensdale, a property in Katanga township, a plot of land at 1 037 Mount Pleasant Heights, four Norton business stands, three Chinhoyi business stands, four Banket business stands, one commercial stand in Epworth, two residential stands in Chirundu, four commercial stands in Kariba and one stand each in Ruwa, Chinhoyi, Zvimba Rural District, and two stands each in Mutare and Binga.</div>
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Marian Chombo also wanted the court to rule that she be allowed to share farming equipment at New Allan Grange Farm</div>
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Mrs Chombo also laid claim to four stands in Victoria Falls, two residential and two commerical stands in Chitungwiza, four stands in Beit Bridge, 20 stands in Crowhill, Borrowdale, 10 stands in Glen Lorne, two flats at Eastview Gardens, a flat at San Sebastian Flats in the Avenues in Harare, a stand at 79 West Road in Avondale, a house in Greendale, property at 36 Cleveland Road, Milton Park and at 135 Port Road in Norton.</div>
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Further properties included two Bulawayo houses, a house at 18 Cuba Road in Mount Pleasant, a house at 45 Basset Crescent in Alexander Park, 2 Chetugu houses, another house at Glen Lorne in Harare, two houses at Victoria Falls, a stand along Simon Mazorodze Road, a stand in Norton, two stands in Avondale, a stand at 36 Beverly House, three stand in Bulawayo and one stand in Mica Road in Kariba,</div>
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Marian Chombo also wanted the court to rule that she be allowed to share farming equipment at New Allan Grange Farm, which included three tractors, two new combined harvesters, two boom sprayers and two engines.</div>
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<span class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">CASH AND CORRUPTION</span></h2>
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<span class="yiv2109986770" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1511445102597_6335" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">Can new leaders be trusted to bring Zimbabwe back from bankruptcy?</span></h1>
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Zimbabwe’s intra-elite transition — a palace coup with little blood spilled and careful diplomatic power-transfer language – resolves a long-simmering faction fight within the ruling party and ends the extraordinary career of Robert Mugabe.</div>
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His long-standing Zanu-PF comrade, Emmerson Mnangagwa, is widely mistrusted due to his responsibility for (and refusal to acknowledge) the "Gukurahundi" massacre of more than 20,000 people, mainly members of the minority Ndebele ethnic group from 1982-85.</div>
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He also stands accused of subverting the 2008 election. And as for his personal wealth, consider Mnangagwa’s close proximity as defence minister to widespread diamond looting from 2008-16. Indeed, in 2016 Mugabe himself complained of revenue shortfalls from diamond mining in eastern Zimbabwe’s Marange fields: "I don’t think we’ve exceeded $2bn or so, and yet we think that well over $15bn or more has been earned in that area."</div>
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The vast scale of this theft was confirmed by anticorruption campaigner Farai Maguwu. For Mnangagwa to set up the main Marange joint venture – Sino Zimbabwe – with the notorious Anjin Investments boss, Sam Pa (now apparently jailed), the army occupied the Marange fields. In November 2008, troops then murdered several hundred small-scale artisanal miners.</div>
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As a result, concern arises that celebration of the coup and at least momentary adoration of the army will relegitimise a brutal Zanu-PF network and thus slow a more durable transition to democracy and economic justice.</div>
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Aside from a popular revolution, the only other safeguard would be the urgent appointment of a genuine government of national unity that could acquire desperately needed funds from China <br class="yiv2109986770" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;" />and the main western donors in Washington and the EU.</div>
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Zimbabwe is broke. Late in 2016 $200m worth of a dubious new currency (the "bond note") was introduced by the Zimbabwe Reserve Bank. The reason for this move was that officially accepted US dollars and South African rand, which most Zimbabweans have used since 2009, fell into increasingly short supply, causing payment system blockages and renewing fear of hyperinflation. Some banks only offer customers $5 per day maximum cash allowances.</div>
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Beijing’s Global Times, which often parrots official wisdom, became increasingly wary of Mugabe. According to a contributor, Wang Hongwi of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "Mnangagwa, a reformist, will abolish Mugabe’s faulty investment policy. In a country with a bankrupt economy, whoever takes office needs to launch economic reforms and open up to foreign investment… Chinese investment in Zimbabwe has also fallen victim to Mugabe’s policy and some projects were forced to close down or move to other countries in recent years, bringing huge losses." (Hongwi did not mention whether Sam Pa represents the ethos of such Chinese investors.)</div>
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Mnangagwa is not only being toasted in Beijing, but also by Tory geopolitical opportunists in London. Although many Britons object, the UK ambassador to Zimbabwe, Catriona Laing, has for three years attempted to "rebuild bridges and ensure that re-engagement succeeds to facilitate Mnangagwa’s rise to power" with a reported $2bn economic bail-out.</div>
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There is every reason to fear that while launching "economic reforms" to increase business power, the post-Mugabe Zanu-PF leaders will amplify old habits, combining state asset stripping, repression and profiteering.</div>
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This is likely if the country’s financial crisis continues into the Christmas season and donor aid is not forthcoming.</div>
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Economic barriers to bureaucratic looting are periodically reached in Zimbabwe — for example, when the world’s worst hyperinflation wiped out the former currency in 2008 — and new arrangements are required (in that case, the turn to the US dollar and rand).</div>
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Today, hoarding hard currencies under the mattress represents one form of stored value during crisis, since placing them in bank accounts risks Reserve Bank seizure.</div>
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Other desperation strategies include rapid purchases of consumer durables each payday, as well as raging speculation in bitcoin, real estate and the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, which was the world’s fastest rising bourse in 2017 despite rapid economic decline.</div>
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For nearly two decades the Zimbabwe government has been in default on $9bn-plus of international debt and today is failing to pay foreign corporations profit remittances they are due. Even state restrictions against importing those basic goods that should instead be manufactured in Zimbabwe failed to ease the currency shortage.</div>
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Two of the most crucial economic decisions the next government will face are whether to continue introducing $300m worth of fast-devaluing bond notes into the banking system in the next few weeks, and whether to honour a huge fine due to the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.</div>
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US President Donald Trump’s treasury secretary, Steven Mnuchin (formerly of Goldman Sachs), is demanding immediate payment of $385m — down from an initial $3.8bn — by the country’s largest bank, Commercial Bank of Zimbabwe, following more than 15,000 separate cases of sanctions busting that date from the Bush and Obama regimes’ punishment of Mugabe for human rights violations.</div>
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In a third financial controversy, the Movement for Democratic Change’s (MDC’s) 2009-13 finance minister, Tendai Biti, suspects his immediate successor, Patrick Chinamasa, has fraudulently issued treasury bills and backed up the new currency with illegitimate African Export-Import Bank loans.</div>
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Biti is calling for a full debt audit. (That may be one reason Chinamasa said on Sunday that Zanu-PF has no interest in a coalition government with democratic opponents.)</div>
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To make matters worse, those whose savings were in the Harare stock market discovered that the coup week’s uncertainty left them 18% poorer, as the shares’ capital value fell from $15.1bn to $12.4bn, caused mainly by international investor panic selling.</div>
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In this context, says University of Zimbabwe law scholar Munyaradzi Gwisai, "There’s a potential that the Mnangagwa, MDC elites and the military could be part of a national unity government. Ultimately they are also scared of the working class, because austerity could lead to revolts."</div>
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<em class="yiv2109986770" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1511445102597_6347" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px;">• Bond teaches political economy at the Wits School of Governance. He is the author of Uneven Zimbabwe: A Study of Finance, Development and Underdevelopment, and co-author of Zimbabwe’s Plunge: Exhausted Nationalism, Neoliberalism and the Search for Social Justice.</em></div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-31987295943870708762017-10-08T02:54:00.004+03:002018-07-13T19:47:26.135+03:00Kenya: Kwale Titanium Mine was to be launched in 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Australian diversified junior miner, Base Resources Ltd.'s titanium unit in Kenya aims to start mining in 2013, ending years of uncertainty over the project, a company official said on Monday.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Joe Schwarz, the general manager of Base Titanium, said in a telephone interview he expected the ongoing feasibility study at the project to be concluded by early 2011, and an estimated $200 million to be raised next year to kickstart the mine.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The project on Kenya's sweltering Indian Ocean coast has been held up for years by delays including demonstrations by environmental groups, disputes with local farmers over compensation for land and drawn out talks with the government.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Schwarz said so far Base Titanium had yet to sign agreements with buyers of its minerals, but said the exports would likely be destined to China, U.S. and Europe. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">"Once we have the green light on the final investment decision, building the plant will take 18-21 months and we would be able to start production in 2013," Schwarz told Reuters.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">"There is a lot of interest and discussions on raising finances are progressing well."</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Schwarz said the mine should produce between 400,000 to 450,000 tonnes of refined minerals per year, which would bring in about $100 million in annual revenues to east Africa's biggest economy, which lacks a modern mining industry.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The country's mining laws date back to the 1940s, but Schwarz said the government was keen to modernise its laws, pointing to a new bill aimed at improving the sector.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">"Once completed, this will be the first large scale mining project in Kenya, and this will be a beacon for attracting others into the sector," Schwarz said.</span><br />
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<u style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;">LIFESTYLE PRODUCTS</u><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The mine would have a processing plant to recover ilmenite, rutile and zircon from the mineral sand to be used to make paint, ceramic, tiles, glazing among other uses.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">"The minerals are used for making lifestyle products for consumers with a high per capita income," Schwarz said.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Titanium is an important pigment for industrial, domestic and artistic applications. Titanium is a choice material for joint replacement and tooth implants, and body piercing.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Base Resources, which also mines iron ore in Australia, was formerly Base Iron Ltd. The company paid $3 million and a cash royalty to Tiomin Resources Inc in February this year for the Kwale mineral sands project.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The deal, which included the sale of intellectual property related to mineral sands projects in Africa, gave the Australian miner the project located south of Kenya's Mombasa port.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Last year, China's Jinchuan Group Ltd terminated an agreement under which the top Chinese nickel producer was to acquire 70 percent stake in the project.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The development of the project would end more than 10 years of waiting for the plant to take off.</span><br />
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<b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;">SOURCE:</b><br />
<a data-rapid_p="1" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/75604/20101025/kenya-titanium-mine-expected-to-launch-in-2013.htm" id="ygrps-yiv-900416086link_1303246436036_36" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #324fe1; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span id="yui_3_15_0_2_1507419916927_792" style="color: #003399;">http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/75604/20....nch-in-2013.htm</span></a></div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-14888481474620839812017-03-05T23:24:00.003+03:002018-03-26T14:16:22.068+03:00Calculations: Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Calculations:</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, san-serif, Roboto; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 295 PPM in 1900. It is</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">now about 305 PPM. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">CO2 has an average lifetime of 100 - 120 years in the atmosphere. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">1 PPM of CO2 in atmosphere = 2.13 Gt (billions of tons) of carbon.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">375 PPM - 295 PPM = 80 PPM. 80 X 2.13 billion tons = 170.4 billion tons.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Conclusion: There are 170.4 billion more tons of CO2 in the atmosphere</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">now than in 1900. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;">Join us </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #3f3f3f; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , "arial" , , "roboto"; font-size: 13px;"><complete id="goog_546537952">@EaccNet</complete></span></div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-91755831921719638902017-03-05T20:22:00.001+03:002017-03-05T20:22:29.849+03:00The Carbon Crooks – Movie <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 class="entry-title" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; font-family: Bitter, serif; font-size: 36px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
The Carbon Crooks – Transcript</h1>
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<br /></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For decades, world leaders have struggled to reduce carbon emissions.</strong></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The result is a vast and complicated system in which pollution has become a commodity</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Carbon credits have become part of the financial market.</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Carbon credits have become part of the financial market.</strong></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In order to buy and sell the credits, one must be registered as a carbon trader.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: Was it a good business?</div>
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Daniel Butler: In the early days it was a good business. I could make roughly around 50,000 € in five minutes.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Also the criminals saw opportunities in carbon credits.</i></b></div>
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Rob Wainwrigth: We saw organized crime moving into this market to carry out sophisticated online attacks of VAT fraud – coming to losses to around 5 billion Euros a year.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The market for carbon credits was created to curb global warming.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But carbon emissions have never been higher in the history of mankind.</i></b></div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: The European carbon credit market has de facto collapsed. The price is so low that fluctuations don’t affect carbon emissions.</div>
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Archive: Connie Hedegaard lost an important climate vote in the EU Parliament.</div>
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The proposal to withdraw 900 million carbon credits has been rejected.</div>
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Martin Lidegaard: The EU’s carbon credit market has problems. The prices are too low.</div>
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Archive: Connie Hedegaard wanted to raise the price for carbon pollution. The price has fallen from 30 euros per ton to about 4 euros per ton.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: Only the financial markets have a real interest in the carbon trading system.</div>
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Daniel Butler: It’s a very large business but I think that you have to realize that a lot of people – and a lot of financial organisations wouldn’t have come in to this market unless there was a profit to be made and in that some crooks were taking advantage of that fact.</div>
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<i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong></i><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2005, the first carbon credit went on sale in Europe.</strong></i></div>
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<i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">One carbon credit is equivalent to one tonne of carbon –</strong></i></div>
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<i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">or the volume of one hot-air balloon.</strong></i></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kyoto, Japan 1997 – Here, world leaders met to sign what would be known as the Kyoto Protocol</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But even before the summit there was conflict over the issue of global warming.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A few months earlier, a new bill had been introduced in the US Congress.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The bill prevented the U.S. delegation from signing an agreement limiting emissions of greenhouse gases – even if this could harm the US economy.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The bill was known as “Byrd-Hagel” and was unanimously approved.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Still, the U.S. delegation went to Kyoto.</i></b></div>
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Chuck Hagel: Mr. President: This makes no sense. No sense at all.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Environmental Commissioner in the EU, Ritt Bjerregaard, negotiated for the EU.</i></b></div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: We knew that there were serious problems with the Americans. In Kyoto, we were wondering whether they would send out a new signal.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the years leading up to the summit in Kyoto, the EU had worked on a proposal that would tax greenhouse gas emissions to motivate polluters to reduce their carbon emissions.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: You worked out the proposal for a tax-based credit system.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: This was in the early 90s, and it was purely a tax system. It was widely supported, and Delors was very much in favour of it.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But Americans are opposed to a tax system where the emitters, for example, pay a fixed fee for each tonne of CO2 they emit. Such a tax would never be approved by the US Congress. Bill Clinton and Al Gore were aware of this.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Instead, they wanted to introduce a market system in which CO2 emitters could buy carbon credits for excess carbon emissions.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If they stayed within the limits, they could sell their excess credits.</i></b></div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: If they send Al Gore in person, it must mean that they want a result they will try to get passed subsequently. So, our spirits rose when we learned that Al Gore was coming.</div>
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Al Gore: After talking with our negotiators this morning and after speaking on the telephone from here a short time ago with president Clinton I’m instructing our delegation right now to show increased negotiation flexibility.</div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: We were quite optimistic. We simply didn’t think he’d come without being able to get something passed subsequently.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">After intense negotiations at Kyoto, the Americans got what they came for:</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A market based system in which carbon emissions could be traded as carbon credits.</i></b></div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: In the beginning we weren’t very happy about the idea of trading carbon credits and such. We were worried that it wouldn’t work. But it was the only option.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the US, the new market was met with enthusiasm.</i></b></div>
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Bill Clinton: I am particularly pleased that the agreement strongly reflects the commitment of the United States, to use the tools of the free market to tackle this problem. We got what we wanted which is joint implementation, emissions trading – a market oriented approach. It’s a huge first step and I did not dream when we started that we could get this far. We should be very, very proud of this. Thank You</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But the Kyoto Protocol was never put to a vote in the United States.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I 2000, Al Gore lost the presidential election to George W. Bush, who backed out of the agreement.</i></b></div>
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George W. Bush: The Kyoto protocol was fatally flawed in fundamental ways.</div>
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Svend Auken: It’s a catastrophe for the effort against climate change.</div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: I wasn’t suprised that a Republican president wouldn’t do anything for the climate.</div>
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But I was disappointed that Al Gore and Clinton didn’t deliver anything.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: You can’t blame the protocol that the US backed out. The remaining countries ought to have admitted and realized in 2001 that without the US there was nothing left. Politicians and green organizations had invested so much prestige that enthusiasm for the Kyoto Protocol remained even though the basis had been eroded.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Although the United States – the Worlds biggest emitter of carbon – pulled out, the</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">EU still set up its own carbon credit system – known as the EU ETS. European Emission Trading System.</i></b></div>
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<i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The EU identified the 11,000 largest European emitters and set a limit is for how much carbon they could emit.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If they exceeded their limit, they would have to buy carbon credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is called “Cap and Trade”</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Up to 2013, the EU handed out 10 billion carbon credits to member states in order to start the market.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A carbon credit only exists as a computer file and each credit has a unique serial number.</i></b></div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: They were supposed to be traded by everybody – Everybody could trade it – not only industrialists – Obviously to bring liquids to the market.</div>
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Daniel Butler: If I bought credits from a factory in Eastern Europe, that factory would go to his computer. He would login to his account. He would say I’m delivering credits 25.000 from my account to the buyers account. It would happen really – It could be done really in under five minutes.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The EU handed out the credits to the member states. Each member state established a registry that would distribute credits to the polluting companies.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And now the trading could commence. Just like the stock market</i></b></div>
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Daniel Butler: I could buy from somebody for example at 15 € and 30 cents and sell them to somebody in London at 15 € and 80 cents. I could make something like half a € per carbon credit by broking these to western buyers.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But it was not only financial houses, brokers and consultants who spotted an opportunity to earn fast money.</i></b></div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: All the infrastructure is a computer and an Internet connection. That is in very plain words what is needed for this trade. So obviously, if you want to do crimes and if you want to be fast and untraceable, carbon is one of the perfect candidates.</div>
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Reporter: Bo Elkjær, you found out that a man called Mirza Ghalib was living in this housing estate north of Copenhagen called Tingbjerg. Who’s Mirza Ghalib?</div>
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Bo Elkjær: He’s India’s national poet. India’s H.C. Andersen and also his contemporary. He died in 1869, but is registered as a carbon trader at this address.</div>
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Reporter: On the second floor?</div>
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Bo Elkjær: On the second floor to the left. He appeared in the Danish registry and was able to trade carbon credits.</div>
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Reporter: How was that possible?</div>
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Bo Elkjær: The people administering the Danish registry didn’t check the information given by people. So people could write fake addresses and names. There’s an Auni Hysenai living at Ingebolden 26 in Hvidovre. That address and name don’t exist. And you can Google Mirza Ghalib who’s just a poet and was very dead when he was registered.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Due to the fast trade in carbon credits, they soon became vey popular and the number of registered traders rapidly increased.</i></b></div>
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Daniel Butler: I set up a carbon registry account in Denmark and I remember filling out the form – and I don’t like filling out forms, but these were very short.</div>
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Reporter: It was easier to join the Danish registry?</div>
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Bo Elkjjær: In the UK it takes three months, in Denmark it took minutes online.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Danish registry quickly became the largest in the world because anyone could be accepted as a carbon trader without any form of ID. The Danish authorities did not check traders’ names or addresses.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">According to the Danish daily Ekstra Bladet most of the carbon traders were fraudsters.</i></b></div>
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Bo Elkjær: More than 97 % of the information registered was fake. They were fraudsters.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scammers found a loophole in the EU carbon credit system. They registered in the world’s largest registry in Denmark were no one asked who you are or where you come from.</i></b></div>
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Daniel Butler: I don’t remember being asked for any identification. In these days you always are asked for id and power of attorneys and ownership documents of the companies I work for – it’s under the system called KYC – Know Your Client. But back then I only remember filling out a document and have my director of the company to sign it – and we send it into Denmark and waited for the post to get our passwords back</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These scammers found a way to earn a lot of money. Very fast. The scam is known as a VAT-carousel.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When a group of criminals make a VAT-carousel they usually do so in this way:</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> A company in an EU member state sells carbon credits to a company in another EU country.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When a sale is completed across an EU border, the invoice is minus VAT.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The buyer of the credits now sells them to either shell companies involved in the scam, or to companies who are unaware of the scam.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The company charges VAT on the sale.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Every time the carbon credits are traded, the price increases as does the VAT.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">For the final link in the chain, the scammers now sell the credits to a new shell company – this time in a different EU country.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sales across borders are once again VAT exempt.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Since the final company in the chain has paid VAT on the purchase of carbon credits, the VAT is refunded by the state.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But the VAT – which the treasury claims back from the very first company – is never paid, because the companies and the VAT scammers have disappeared.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The whole scam can be done in minutes.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And the Treasury is left with the bill.</i></b></div>
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Rob Wainwright: In this case we saw organized crime groups manipulating the EU Carbon trading emission system and trying to exploit loopholes in the system in particular to carry out sophisticated online attacks of VAT fraud – combinating to losses to around 5 billion Euros a year. So this was big business – organized crime – seeing the loopholes. Exploiting it very quickly and earning a lot of illegal money</div>
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Bo Elkjær: Unlike cell phones or flat screens or car tires or whatever, carbon credits are brilliant because they’re electronic certificates. You can control it from your laptop and sell these certificates through your various companies in different countries. You then generate the VAT from the different countries very quickly by moving the credits from one account to the next on your laptop.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To start a VAT –carousel, the scammers must have huge amounts of money at their disposal. They must be well organized and understand the market.</i></b></div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: The person who enters the VAT-fraud – ideally he would generally need millions. 4, 5, 10 millions of seed capital. (and) ….where the money came from to seed it, is manly the new wave of organized crime witch is described by middle east organizations – terrorist financing, far east Asia, ex-Soviet Union – and bits and pieces from south of Italy and Israel as well.</div>
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Rob Wainwright: We saw criminal groups trying to identify the weak spots in the European Union and then just exploiting it to the maximum to get what they can out of it. And by generating these huge volumes of illegal money. You know this has a big effect not least on the national governments themself. That’s five billion € of Government revenues that otherwise would be spend by governments to build hospitals and schools or to reduce the debt right now to help governments to cure the economic recovery.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When Europol and the EU become aware of the scam in May 2009, the member states were warned and VAT on the trading of carbon credits was removed.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Meanwhile, carbon credit traders faced thorough checks.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Except in the world’s largest registry in Denmark.</i></b></div>
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Bo Elkjær: The Danish Energy Agency aren’t aware that they have to go back, too. They have to stop everyone in the registry and check their addresses, but they don’t.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Former Energy – and Climate minister Connie Hedegaard was informed about the VAT fraud in a confidential memo from the Danish tax authorities in August 2009.</i></b></div>
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Bo Elkjær: She’s responsible for the registry which is the huge open gateway this fraud is going through, and she can close this gateway. She can do it in August, July or earlier. They become aware of the fraud in the summer of 2009, and Europol also informs the police authorities, but she doesn’t. She doesn’t do anything. Not until Lykke Friis becomes minister, do they begin to close the gateway and check the registered accounts.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1,256 carbon traders were registered in the world’s largest carbon credit registry in Denmark. When the authorities finally started checking the identity of carbon traders, this dropped to just 33 legitimate traders within a few months.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When the state prosecutor for financial crime in Denmark investigated the Danish registry, they found suspicious carbon credits, which they seized.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But on November 3rd 2010 – shortly before midnight – they disappeared.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The state prosecutor for financial crime had been hacked.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It is still unclear who was behind the hacker attack.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And the credits have never been recovered.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The state prosecutor declined to be interviewed for this film.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It took the EU six months to shut down the VAT carousels in the carbon trade.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Europol, the scammers got away with 9 billion Euros from the EU member states.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But this was by no means the only type of fraud that was linked to carbon trading.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b>Daniel Butler: On the 18.th of January 2011 my friend was on the tram – going to work – and he told me that he had to get off the tram because they blocked of the street – right down there – in front of the tram at the intersection. And he had to get off the tram and he noticed that there were a lot of police cars and sniffer dogs going into this building. So what happened was that someone called in a bomb threat and everyone was evacuated.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The building houses the national Czech carbon credit registry.</i></b></div>
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Daniel Butler: Nobody knew that they were targeting the registry – and while they are out they hack into the computers and transfer the emission allowances.</div>
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Reporter: And do you know what happened to the credits?</div>
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Daniel Butler: Well, they tracked them and we know that they were delivered from Czech republic to Estonia and then to Poland – and then to Lichtenstein – and finally to Germany where they were sold. If a registry can be hacked into by just calling a bomb threat and someone can access to millions of millions of dollars of Carbon credits – it’s quite a serious thing.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The attack on the Czech registry is not unique.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hackers have hit several other European countries.</i></b></div>
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Rob Wainwright: We had serious incidents around 2011 of hacking which led to the theft of up to about 4 million carbon emissions or credits rather. So we have seen them operate online, and this is a new feature of organized crime as a whole actually how much more significant the Internet has become as a primary facilitator of organized crime activity. Well, off course it’s easier to steal a carbon credit. It’s easier to perpetrate a fraud on-line, than it is to steal money from a bank or steal a car. So the old form of criminality has been quickly overtaken by a new form – which is sustained on line by what we regard to be a virtual underground economy.</div>
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Reporter: Every single carbon credit has a unique serial number. Why on earth can’t they find them?</div>
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Rob Wainwright: Well, you have to ask the authorities in those countries on that – I’m not responsible for finding these. I´m just responsible at Europol in trying to identify the criminals that is behind this.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Europol estimates that the stolen credits are worth nearly 60 million Euros</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, Europol has no mandate to arrest or prosecute offenders.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It’s up to the national police and judiciary authorities.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: How many credits is still gone missing?</div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: Millions. Between 3 and 5 millions</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The immense VAT fraud did not only involve transnational criminal networks.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Big banks – such as Deutsche Bank – are accused of having laundered millions of Euro for the VAT scammers.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In December 2012 the German police raided Deutsche Bank’s headquarters.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Several of the bank’s employees are still imprisoned.</i></b></div>
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Daniel Butler: I think that a lot of companies might have delivered stolen credits without knowing it. And I think that they all believed that the registries were protecting them.</div>
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Bo Elkjær: At some point the stolen credits have been laundered and begun to appear in legitimate trades. They’re certificates that just pass between some brokers. They’ve been stolen and sold. But even though the one who sells them is a handler of stolen goods, he’s still a legitimate trader receiving these credits. So suddenly the stolen credits appear on the white market. Apparently, they can’t find out how to seize stolen credits.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A number of the stolen credits from the Czech registry had already been stolen once before.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2010, 1.6 million carbon credits were stolen from the world’s second largest cement company, Holcim.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Romanian police managed to locate 600,000 credits but Holcim is still missing one million credits, worth an estimated 15 million Euros.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Holcim demanded that the EU Commission, as the responsible authority, find and return the stolen carbon credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But the EU Commission refused on the grounds that it was confidential information that only police and prosecutors could obtain.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: When I talk to people who are informed, they say that the security’s been awful. Some credits haven’t been found even though they have unique numbers. There are examples of legitimate trades involving stolen credits. A big cement company has taken out a summons against the Commission. They want 15 million euros returned because they lost one million credits. Will you give them 15 million euros?</div>
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Connie Hedegaard: No, but the lawyers must handle that.The crucial thing is that it has now been stopped. You can always say that crimes in cyberspace are a problem. But it happens in all kinds of financial transaction systems. During the financial crisis we’ve seen transactions you can’t trace back to their origin. That’s not an excuse, but you have to know that these kinds of crimes do take place. It’s very difficult to create a system which cuts out crime. I won’t say it can’t happen again. Nobody can say that. When you trade in cyberspace, fraud is possible, just as it is when it’s not in cyberspace, but ordinary crime.</div>
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Daniel Butler: When they started trading carbon credits and they set up this system where you log into a computer and deliver carbon credits within minutes. I have never seen anything like that. You know it just happens so quickly, so I think it was a product of the rush and the political support that a different kind of system of transferring carbon credits was put into place. I think that they just made it too easy – to simple. And with so many different weaknesses I think it was bound to happen that someone would hack into others account and steal credits.</div>
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Reporter: And who invented it? It was invented by the EU-Commission?</div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: Yes, it was the EU Commission – but people obviously ignored the fact that theft, fraud and other things could occur</div>
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Reporter: So it falls back on the EU-Commission?</div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: Yes, everything. Both on the EU-Commission and the European Union</div>
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Reporter: The EU Commission which is responsible for all of the credits in the EU, that’s 10 billion, do they know where the credits are?</div>
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Bo Elkjær: Yes.</div>
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Reporter: Why can’t we find the four million credits then?</div>
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Bo Elkjær: You’ll have to ask the EU Commission. They know where the credits are.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But the EU Commission will not disclose where the stolen credits are.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They believe that fraud and theft are a matter for national governments and maintain that they are subject to a confidentiality clause.</i></b></div>
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<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VAT carousels, computer hacking, theft, money laundering and fraud with carbon credits have cost the European taxpayers an astronomical amount.</i></b></div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: Including the V.A.T.-fraud, the money laundering and the electronic theft it’s around 15 billion.</div>
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Reporter: 15 billion Euros?</div>
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Marius-Cristian Frunza: Yes, 15 billion Euro’s. And almost more than half – more than 60 % is due to V.A.T.-fraud.</div>
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Rob Wainwright: “Crime of the Century”, Well, I think it’s a good example of crime in the modern 21. Century and how in particular the Internet is used to exploit criminal opportunities.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Fraud and theft of electronic credits are far from the only problems facing this system.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If you buy a carbon credit, you do so because you think that somewhere in the world one less tonne of carbon will be emitted.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This guarantee is one of the cornerstones of the UN and the EU carbon credit system.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the spring of 2008, Denmark prepared for the biggest summit ever. The UN Climate Conference COP15, in Copenhagen.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Ministry of Foreign Affairs decided that Cop15 would be carbon neutral</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This can only be done by buying a certain type of credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These credits are issued by the UN and are called CDM – Clean Development Mechanism.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The UN carbon credits are designed to promote the green transition in developing countries.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It’s a condition that the projects in which the rich countries buy credits are “additional”, meaning that they must lead to a reduction of carbon emissions that would not have occurred otherwise.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The reduction may then be used in rich countries that emit.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b>Peter Pagh: If we make reductions in China instead of reductions in Europe by investing in greater technology, the developing countries will develop differently which in the long run may result in reduced carbon and in the very long run may prevent large carbon emissions, or at least make them acceptable.</div>
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Martin Lidegaard: When these mechanisms were invented, a lot of people though that it was a great idea that the industrialized countries can help the developing countries.</div>
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Connie Hedegaard: It may seem strange that you can buy a project in another country. I’ve just visited Tanzania, one of the poorest countries in the world. They had one wish: “Please invest in some of the things we have to do by getting an indulgence through the making of a project. So we don’t begin building coal power plants or whatever, but invest in clean energy. It’s more expensive, but can be financed through this mechanism where we pay while we’re credited the amount of saved energy. That’s not a bad principle if you want a global transition.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To make the summit in Copenhagen climate neutral, the Danish government bought credits in a CDM project in Bangladesh.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The project was to reduce carbon emissions in the production of bricks. Of the country’s 6,000 brick factories, eight factories have introduced a new technology that reduces emissions.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The United Nations has named them, “smokeless factories”</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2010 Climate Commissioner Connie Hedegaard visited one of them:</i></b></div>
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Connie Hedegaard: I think this is just one example of how big a difference relatively small money can, can do.</div>
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Reporter: In 2010 you visited what the UN calls a smokeless factory. We visited it, too, and could hardly breathe.</div>
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Connie Hedegaard: To call it smokeless is a misrepresentation.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The United Nations has approved 6,700 CDM projects throughout the developing world.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">60 percent are located in China.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But not all projects have proven to meet the UN standards, says a survey from the 92 Group, which consists of 22 Danish NGO’s.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: What was the result of your survey?</div>
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Tarjei Haaland: It was that a lot of them weren’t additional. That means that they would have been carried out anyway. It becomes fraud when you receive a credit for a project and are allowed to pollute equivalently at home. When the reduction actually isn’t a new reduction, it’s fraud.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The survey shows that more than half of the projects didn’t meet UN standards.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Western countries and companies have bought UN credits for Chinese wind turbines which were not even connected to the grid.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And credits were sold for Hydro power plants that had already been built.</i></b></div>
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Tarjei Haaland: It’s interesting that Denmark based the entire climate policy on buying as many credits as they were allowed. You send money to questionable projects around the world, instead of using them on the transition in Denmark which could reduce the use of fossil fuels and make the transition.</div>
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Peter Pagh: You can always find examples of fraud, and with each example you increase the control which ends up causing the system to collapse under the transaction costs.</div>
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Connie Hedegaard: I’m sure you can find examples where you can ask: “Is this really good for the environment or other social issues?” But I’ve also seen projects which amazed me. I saw a project in Bulgaria, a very big fertilizer factory. I saw pictures of how polluted the area had been before. Then I saw how it looked after this CDM project. I saw how green and clean the area had become. Now it was one of the least polluting fertilizer factories in Europe.</div>
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Martin Lidegaard: The Danish government doesn’t support shifting credits back and forth. But I have to say when looking back on a lot of the evaluations of the projects, it hasn’t worked. It’s been a lot of hot air with few concrete results. A lot of us agree on that and that’s why I’m sure that you have to look at how you define this internationally and that we in Denmark have to make our green transition here.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Danish taxpayers paid 700,000 Euros, making COP15 the first CO2-neutral summit. In total the state of Denmark has purchased UN credits for 215 million Euros.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But it is not only governments and corporations that can purchase the credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Individuals who would like to have a better green conscience can also buy them.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">But can they trust that they are getting the CO2 reduction they have paid for?</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2011, in Western Kenya, 900,000 water purification filters were distributed for free. Behind the distribution is one of the giants in the aid industry, a company called Vestergaard-Frandsen</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The water filters are called “LifeStraw” and were invented and distributed by Vestergaard-Frandsen.</i></b></div>
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Nick Moon: When the LifeStraw project arrived a couple of years ago, I was very interested because it promised to really improve the kind of health levels of local people by reducing the incidents of waterborne diseases – and I thought it was a great idea.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</em></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">he distribution of the filters is the first part of a larger plan, conceived by Vestergaard-Frandsen.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The plan is that when people are given a LifeStraw, they no longer need to use firewood to boil their drinking water.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Vestergaard-Frandsen, the LifeStraw will help to reduce carbon emissions because the many trees felled in the area are not being replaced with new trees.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This reduction can then be converted into carbon credits that Vestergaard – Frandsen can sell.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The more carbon saved – the better a business it can become.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> N</i></b>ick Moon: It is true that some people do boil their water. As I understand it, surveys have shown that perhaps a fifth or a quarter of the population do so, but the vast majority don’t</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">According to Vestergaard-Frandsen, 36 percent of the families in Western Kenya boil their drinking water. But this was not enough for the Lifestraw to be a success.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Their success was entirely dependent on how many carbon credits the project could trigger.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, Vestergaard-Frandsen, conducted a feasibility study asking people whether they WOULD boil their water – IF they had the time and IF they could afford it.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A total of 79 percent said that they WOULD boil their drinking water IF they had the time and IF they had enough money.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Far more than the percentage who actually boil their drinking water.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The difference is called a “suppressed demand”</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </i></b>Peter Pagh: Suppressed Demand is an economic theory. You try to establish what people would have done if they had the opportunity. That’s the mathematical formula you believe in. The only thing you can say to that is that’s it’s a theoretical concept and we don’t know the result.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> V</i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">estergaard-Frandsen’s project is not part of the EU or the UN carbon credit system.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a third type of carbon credits.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They are called voluntary credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">They are aimed at companies and individuals who would like to make an extra effort to reduce their carbon emissions.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And the voluntary credits promise buyers that they will lead to a reduction of carbon emissions.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The buyers are then able to call themselves carbon or climate-neutral.</i></b></div>
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Peter Pagh: You think it works. In the project you’ve looked at, you think that they’ll use these water treatment systems and in that way save an emission. You can calculate it, but it’s nothing more than a forecast.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Before Vestergaard-Frandsen could get their LifeStraw project converted into voluntary credits, it had to be approved.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">An organization called The Gold Standard approves and administers voluntary credits.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Gold Standard was established by WWF – and 80 NGOs, including Greenpeace. The Gold Standard is approved by the UN.</i></b></div>
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(Editors note: Greenpeace did not estblish Gold Standard, but have been a supporter og Gold Standard since it’s inception)</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Gold Standard accepted the Suppressed Demand in Vestergaard-Frandsen’s LifeStraw project – and the project was approved.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In order for the economic theory of suppressed demand to be accurate, the population must use the LifeStraw instead of boiling their drinking water.</i></b></div>
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Nick Moon: We were given one – I have a household – a farm in this area and so when the LifeStraw people came around, we got one. I do not know anyone who uses it. It’s terribly “fiddly”. And it’s terrible slow. It takes such a long time to fill a glass of water. To my mind and my experience it’s totally impractical. I know a lot of people around this area, they – almost all of them – have been given LifeStraws. They don’t use them. They simply don’t use them.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In a written response, Vestergaard-Frandsen say that they visit about 90 percent of the families who received the LifeStraw once a year, and that they closely monitor up to 20,000 families’ use of the filter.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Since the project’s inception, Vestergaard-Frandsen have conducted three visits to the many families. The company refuses, however, to provide reports on their visits until their evaluations are complete.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">During our visit in western Kenya, no one we spoke to said that they used the filter very often.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: You are a politician and you are meeting a lot of people around here I guess. And if you look at your neighbourhood here: Is anyone using it?</div>
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Lady 1: Almost none.</div>
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Reporter: Almost none? You know, they handed out almost 900.000 of these ones.</div>
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Lady1: Yes – and I am telling you almost none is being used.</div>
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Lady 2: Even my neighbour here was given one, but I don’t see him using it. That’s how it is.</div>
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Lady 3: We are visiting on average in a week about 18. 15 to 18 families</div>
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Reporter: And they all have this</div>
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Lady 3: And every household has this. But who is using it? Very few people are using it. In fact – for the last two years I have been here, I’ve only had one person saying that they are using it.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vestergaard Frandsen’s project in Kenya is legal and far from the only project based on supressed demand theory.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Gold Standard have approved a total of 119 projects. Almost half of them are based on suppressed demand.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A theoretical calculation based on a suppressed need.</i></b></div>
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Peter Pagh: Earlier you believed in the vicar’s blessing. Today you need a long mathematical formula and then it must be true.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">After three independent studies The Gold Standard states they to found that 92% use LifeStraw.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, The Gold Standard does not want to hand over the studies and The Gold Standard could not find time for an interview.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the Gold Standard – over the next eight years – approve that LifeStraw is used by 92% of the population in western Kenya, Vestergaard-Frandsen can – given the current price on carbon credits – look forward to a total turnover of between 50 and 67 million €.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vestergaard-Frandsen claims, however that declining prices on carbon credits also means a drop in revenue.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore the company does not expect profit on the project.</i></b></div>
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Reporter: The principle thing about the project is 1) cutting down, reducing carbon emissions significantly in this area, and 2) reducing water borne deceases. Has this been done?</div>
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Nick Moon: I would say quite categorically no, it has not reduced significantly carbon emissions.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vestergaard-Frandsen declined to be interviewed for this film.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The largest energy company in Denmark is Dong Energy, </b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a company 80 percent owned by the Danish state.</b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In total, DONG Energy’s 10 largest power plants emit 11 million tons of carbon annually.</b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This corresponds to twice the emissions from Danish cars and makes DONG Energy Denmark’s largest emitter of carbon.</b></div>
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Karsten Anker Petersen: It is correct that we emit a lot of carbon due to the coal production at our power plants.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the period between 2008 and 2012 DONG Energy emitted 7 million more tons of carbon than they had credits.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, DONG Energy had to buy 7 million carbon credits to comply with the rules.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When the EU started to distribute the credits in 2008 they were worth 30 Euros each.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In the spring of 2013 an EU credit was worth 3 Euros. A decrease of 90 per cent.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A UN-credit was worth 26 Euros – now they are being traded for less than 0.26 cents.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">At the same time, the price of coal plummeted.</i></b></div>
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Karsten Anker Petersen: It’s a challenge. For the single coal power plant a low price on coal is good. But for Dong Energy and our strategy, the low price on coal is a challenge mainly because it drives gas power plants out of competition. They emit under half the amount of carbon compared to a coal power plant.</div>
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Reporter: So coal is here to stay?</div>
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Karsten Anker Petersen: Probably, and there’s lots of it. The problem is that due to the low price on credits you see that the European electricity companies invest in coal power plants rather than the green transition, and the existing power plants use coal because it’s the cheapest fuel.</div>
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Jørgen henningsen: The power plants being built now are coal power plants, rather than power plants using gas or wind or sun.</div>
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Reporter: Why?</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen:It’s cheaper.</div>
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Reporter: So it’s never been cheaper to pollute?</div>
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Karsten Anker Petersen: With regard to the carbon credit system, that’s correct. We have stated very clearly – along with other energy companies and organizations in Europe that the low price on credits isn’t good for the green transition.</div>
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Reporter: Has it collapsed?</div>
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Karsten Anker Petersen: It’s certainly in distress.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: The European credit market has de facto collapsed. The price is so low that fluctuations don’t effect carbon emissions. It’s too low to have any significance. That means it’s collapsed.</div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The EU and the UN credit system are in trouble. This is not only due to the low price of coal. The global economic crisis has led to a sharp decline in industrial production – and thus in carbon emissions.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Therefore, there is no need for the many carbon credits on the market.</i></b></div>
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Martin Lidegaard: The system doesn’t work because it’s flawed. There are simply too many credits on the market.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Since 2005, the EU has issued 10 billion carbon credits.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And the EU Commission will continue to issue credits to European companies.</i></b></div>
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Connie Hedegaard: Anyone can see that there are too many credits on the market. Then it isn’t very clever to keep putting more credits on the market, but the member states have to agree before we can legislate.</div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In April 2013, the EU Commission tried to pass a new bill that would ensure that fewer carbon credits would be issued in the future.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The attempt was to – artificially – raise the price of the credits..</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">However, a majority in the European Parliament rejected the bill.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></i></b><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1997, the UN ratified the Kyoto Protocol.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The United States, with the then-Vice President Al Gore in the lead – rejected the EU’s proposal for a tax on carbon.</i></b></div>
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<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The result was a market-based system where carbon could be traded on the free market.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In 2007, Al Gore received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts against global warming.</i></b></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 940px;">
<b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Today, carbon emissions are higher than ever.</i></b></div>
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Kevin Anderson: We have spoken about it – and there has been a lot of rhetoric around the climate change. But the reality is that we have abjectly failed to get any control on our emissions.</div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: Our original scepticism about the system has shown itself to be justified.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: It doesn’t contribute to protecting the climate, but it allows politicians and others to say that they’ve done something. It’s better to be forced to admit that you haven’t done anything than to do something with no effect which lets you look as if you’ve achieved something.</div>
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Kevin Anderson: No one is prepared to acknowledge the scale of the problem – and when we do acknowledge the scale we say: It’s not our fault – some one else must act first. And what’s happening? The emissions go up every single year</div>
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Ritt Bjerregaard: The depressing fact is that the world is so dependent on these forms of energy that there’s no will to change it.</div>
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Kevin Anderson: There is now a lot of carbon trading – many billions – possible hundreds of billions pounds of carbon that are being traded – but it has nothing to do directly to the climate change. Indirectly I think it makes things worse. So I would say carbon trading again is worse than doing nothing.</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: It’s dangerous to continue with policies that don’t contribute. Not until you accept that they don’t contribute, can you do something new.</div>
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Reporter: It isn’t helping the global climate?</div>
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Jørgen Henningsen: Not at all.</div>
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-59519570568877081602017-01-26T09:13:00.000+03:002017-01-26T09:14:19.916+03:00Autism Spectrum Disorders<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to Distribution of Hazardous Air<br />
Pollutants in the some areas.<br />
<br />
http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/9120/9120.html<br />
<br />
1Division of Environmental and Occupational Disease Control, California<br />
Department of Health Services, Richmond, California, USA; 2Impact<br />
Assessment, Inc., La Jolla, California, USA; 3Kaiser Permanente Medical<br />
Care Program Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
Objective: To explore possible associations between autism spectrum<br />
disorders (ASD) and environmental exposures, we linked the California<br />
autism surveillance system to estimated hazardous air pollutant (HAP)<br />
concentrations compiled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.<br />
<br />
Methods: Subjects included 284 children with ASD and 657 controls, born in<br />
1994 in the San Francisco Bay area. We assigned exposure level by census<br />
tract of birth residence for 19 chemicals we identified as potential<br />
neurotoxicants, developmental toxicants, and/or endocrine disruptors from<br />
the 1996 HAPs database. Because concentrations of many of these were<br />
highly correlated, we combined the chemicals into mechanistic and<br />
structural groups, calculating summary index scores. We calculated ASD<br />
risk in the upper quartiles of these group scores or individual chemical<br />
concentrations compared with below the median, adjusting for demographic<br />
factors.<br />
<br />
Results: The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were elevated by 50% in the top<br />
quartile of chlorinated solvents and heavy metals [95% confidence<br />
intervals (CIs) , 1.12.1], but not for aromatic solvents. Adjusting for<br />
these three groups simultaneously led to decreased risks for the solvents<br />
and increased risk for metals (AORs for metals: fourth quarter The<br />
individual compounds that contributed most to these associations included<br />
mercury, cadmium, nickel, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride.<br />
<br />
Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential association between autism<br />
and estimated metal concentrations, and possibly solvents, in ambient air<br />
around the birth residence, requiring confirmation and more refined<br />
exposure assessment in future studies</div>
Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1984036613130685352.post-34290217027845440572015-02-20T09:36:00.003+03:002019-08-18T18:01:53.398+03:00Tragedy of White Nile River: Politics,Land,Climate Change in South Sudan.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">By: Gabriel Makuei Tor, JUBA, </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The natural resources in South Sudan (S.S.) have been defiled, so stop </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">singing the “virgin land” song, like “a baby nation” clause in the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">mouths of S.S. corrupted officials. In our times when we were kids, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">way before 2nd civil war kicked in between South and North Sudan, over </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">30 years ago, there were rare cases of sickness and natural death. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Though we were drinking right direct from the rivers and rain waters, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">we still remained healthy than a kid living on the same today, but </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">those days were true in their own style than these days! </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">So what happened? What has changed? To answer these questions, you may </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">have your own answers but let’s read through here below: </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">You heard of the climate change; the religion of the 21st century. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">That everything we use has an effect and limitation, even the sun and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the waters of the Seas. The air, soil and water are being polluted by </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">human activities globally and here is looking through S.S. windows. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The picture here below, shows trash being incinerated (burnt) in the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">stream that leads into the Nile River and not far away from the main </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">river. The stream’s greeny far left has water that is use for </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">irrigating crops planted by the River bank. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The land of South Sudan is not virgin and the loss is being continued. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Some of the land destructions are natural, whereas most of the impacts </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">are man-made. Burning fires and waste dumping are playing a part. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">If the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans could be polluted by a coal </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">power plant running in India, China, or elsewhere, then you know, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">River Nile is nothing to escape the change. No land is immune of </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">hazardous emissions (the deposit of dangerous waste and exhaust gas). </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Some recent past research by the scientists had shown that people in </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the US State of Alaska have been contaminated by eating fish caught in </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the Pacific Ocean with mercury contaminants in its body. Some heavy </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">metal like mercury are found to might have migrated to the US from </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Indian’s coal power plant operated in India; through smoke that is </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">containing mercury. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The smoke mixed in and formed a cloud and the cloud came down in the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">form of rains, falling into the Ocean, where fish live as home and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">feed in. The fish is contaminated and when eaten by a person, then the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">person gets the mercury toxic contaminants known for destroying human </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">nervous system, causing major illness or permanent disability in </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">humans. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">When pregnant woman eats the fish with a level of toxicity in it, the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">fetus may be harmed, which could lead to death before and after birth </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">or a child born with deformities (life disabilities). </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The mercury for example, is found in plastic bags and water bottles. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The picture here is of the River Nile tributary, not far from Juba </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">airport and passers have used it as a dumping ground. See water </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bottles … </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">White Nile tributary (Right) by the Juba airport (left) is seen used </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">as water bottles’ dumpster. These pictures were taken in summer (Feb. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">2014) when the tributary was dry, when it rains, it washed all these </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">trash into the Nile – where they remain as sediments. The black, blue, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">red and green colors you see on the left side are from planes’ tails </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">at Juba Airport. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Juba Trash in Tragedy </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">You heard of people disappearing in cities like Juba. There are those </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">being taken by crocodile, hippopotamus or other unnamed dangerous </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">aquatic life. These are accidents, but there are people who </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">disappeared without trace of being attacked by the wild lives in the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Nile River or elsewhere. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Other disappearances are blamed on the killers, who kill people and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">throw them into the river. There is nothing good in human eating </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">human. Those who drink and bathe from the White Nile River may be </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">eating other humans in the form of water usage, because of those dead </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">bodies being thrown into the Nile. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">When the body degraded into waters of the White Nile; the water is </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">contaminated, making it unclean for human purposes, including domestic </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">animals, since they do not feed on human flesh. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">That is pollution. And this is one of the reasons why people are </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">getting sick more frequently than in the past. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Mid-Night Dumping (Illegal Dumping). </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Passing in downtown Juba, you will see piles of trash as high as 5 to </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">6 feet high by and above some complex fences in Juba town. The trash </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">is not getting dumped to where it is supposed to go. The stagnant </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">garbage piled up close to some offices, homes and traffic routes, will </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">carry its pollutants around in town and people will catch it and get </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">sick later. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Some midnights dumped garbage is found on the Juba–Nimule Highway, on </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the road side, right before you cross the bridge and this is in </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Kony-Konya area of Juba. Besides, the trash could be seen dumped at </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">less than 200 feet from Juba–Nimule Highway in the Nasitu area by the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">road side. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">I had seen some solid waste sitting by the river bank, next to the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">crops planted by the Nile River bank in Juba. Some garbage, by the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">streams that run into the Nile River when the rains fall, during the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">wet season. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The trash on the road side which many travelers had seen on numerous </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">occasions, would get flown onto the neighboring homes and public </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">areas, when the wind blow, while the trash by Nile bank goes into the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">river, where fish could be contaminated with hazardous waste (e.g. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">medical waste) deposited into the River. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">When the contaminated fish is consumed by humans, people get sick and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">start seeking medical care. You might have seen people doing the same </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">that are done in Juba being carried out all over the country South </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Sudan. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">People are washing cars into the Nile as well as washing their bodies </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and clothes during the bath with soaps. This activity must be </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">considered illegal and dangerous to do so. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The use of soap and other related agents into the Nile River is </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">unhealthy because of the nature of toxicity in them. So why wash dirt </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and chemicals into the pure water of the Nile to contaminate it? </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">There are ways for people to designate areas for washing and bathing. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Cars have aerosols – some hazardous chemicals from car’s parts and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">fuel apparatus are considered contaminants. Garbage should be dumped </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">at a faraway landfill from homes, low laying grounds and away from </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">waterways. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Water Bottles and Cans </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Water bottles, plastic bags and soda cans are being thrown anywhere, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">anyhow in Juba and other towns. Water bottles and soda cans look like </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">cattle egrets behind fences and in open spaces in Juba town. This is </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">not a good start for modernization or industrialization. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">And you do not tell me “baby nation is still waiting to crawl. “A day </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">is more than a month” according to South Sudanese saying and the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">country existed as Free State for more than 10 years!! </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Can we control our waste to protect our environment? Konyo-konyo’s </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">town ground is covered with water bottles and soda cans deposited over </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the past years. Could this be cleaned? </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The danger of mismanaging bottles and cans is that they don’t </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">biodegrade, per an organization known as “Water Project”. According </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">this same report, water bottles and soda cans do not break down and if </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">they do decay, it took 1000 years for bottles and cans to break down </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and mix with soil. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Long time indeed, no one would want to wait that long, but the right </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">waste disposal and management would do. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">What are the ministry of environmental services, health and other </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">educated South Sudanese residing in Juba, Nimule, Wau, Malakal, Bor, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and other localities, doing to protect their natural resources, their </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">environment (the water, land and people) from being polluted from </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">imported goods?? </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">All kinds of batteries from Automobile and electronics equipments </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">carry toxic chemicals like mercury and cadmium among other toxicity </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ingredients. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Forest Combustion during the Dry Season </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Burning the forest or few bushes is welcome by many cultures as forest </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">“renewal and change” – with fire considered as “nature’s housekeeper” </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">but this practice could be disastrous. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The fire can clear the forest for passage; get rid of old parts and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">plants, but it takes away the most fertile part of the land – the top </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">soil is burnt to ashes: Fires killed humus and other nutritional top </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">soil ingredients. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">When the top soil that is rich with dead plants and animals is gone; </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the land is not productive for agriculture, grass growth for cattle </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">grazing and this could make the burned land or forest incapable of </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">replenishing itself. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Fires destroy wild animal’s homes and lives – no country with </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">responsible leaders and scholars would want to see their wildlife gone </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">forever. This could lead to wildlife extirpation, or extinction. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">No one would be willing to see the wild animals in his/her home areas </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">getting all killed or displaced to neighboring countries, where they </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">will never return when they find peace there. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Most of the South Sudanese burn their regions’ forests and grassland </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">down, during the spring and summer seasons. The smoke from fires </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">carries exhausted gases, hindering oxygen flow to all kinds of people </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">and blocking sun light from hitting the earth. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">In this case, people with asthma and children have their breathing </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">airways made so hard for them to breathe well, due to forests fires’ </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">smoke, and fine particles floating in the air. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The way to prevent this harmful practice is to make forest combustion </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">illegal, unless it is absolutely necessary to burn the forest. South </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Sudan forest management must act now in regard nature integrity and </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">protection. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">The few details expressed here are not the only impacts to South Sudan </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">environment, but a few of enormous environmental issues of concern. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Healthy environment means healthy people. This picture shows how the </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Nile is utilized as well as abusing it. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Please, Keep Nile River Safe and Clean. If the Nile waters are </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">polluted, the fish, land and the crops would too be polluted, among </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">other natural resources, since it is the same Nile waters that serve </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">the land and its production, either by the rain, irrigation, or flood. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">By GMT </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Author contact: </span><a gdf-obfuscated-mailto="Vf0pAAVIC7kJ" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #6611cc; cursor: pointer; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">maku...@yahoo.com</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><br />
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Baraza La Taifahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11940246185594305205noreply@blogger.com4